1. Class Notes 16.2b (NB p. 13)
Soldiers on both sides were drawn to volunteer for a variety of reasons.
Life in army camps on both sides was difficult and demanding.
More soldiers actually died of disease than in battle.
Improvements in weapons had far-reaching effects.

2. Lesson 16.2: Life in the Army
Today’s Essential Question: What was life like for soldiers during the Civil War?

3. Vocabulary hygiene – conditions and practices that promote health
enlist – join the military
drill – marching practice in a military unit
cavalry – soldiers on horses
infantry – soldiers on foot

4. Check for Understanding
What is today’s Essential Question?
Do you know someone who has enlisted?

5. Why is hygiene important?

6. Why is drill important for soldiers?

7. What’s the difference between infantry and cavalry?

8. The Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run thrilled the South.
What We Already Know
The Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run thrilled the South.

9. What We Already Know
After Bull Run, Lincoln sent the 90-day militias home and called for a real army of 500,000 volunteers for three years.

10. What We Already Know
Volunteers rushed to enlist on both sides, many fearing the war would be over before they could join the fight.

11. Those Who Fought 18-30-year-olds
About half on both sides were farmers.
Many were immigrants, especially from Germany and Ireland.
African Americans saw the war as a way to end slavery.
At first neither the North nor the South accepted blacks into their armies.
Native Americans served on both sides.

12. Those Who Fought
Why did 2 million soldiers serve the Union, and almost 1 million serve the Confederacy?
Adventure and glory
Escape from boredom
Friends and neighbors were volunteering.
Recruitment money
Loyalty to their country or state
For blacks, to end slavery

13. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

14. 13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War??
Choose all that are true!

15. 13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?
Most were years old.
Many were immigrants.
Most were farmers.
Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.
Many were free blacks.
Choose all that are true!

16. Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil War?
Choose the one that is NOT true!

17. Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil War?
Many African Americans wanted to fight in the war as a way to end slavery.
Many enlistees hated what the other side stood for, and wanted to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible.
Some farmers and factory workers saw the war as an adventurous way to escape a life of boredom.
Some fought out of loyalty to their nation or belief in its cause.
Some enlisted to get the recruitment money offered by both sides.
Choose the one that is NOT true!

18. Turning Civilians into Soldiers
Lived in tents and log huts
Heavily scheduled day of drill and duties
Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc.
Problems with uniforms
Food and supply problems

19. Hardships of Army Life
Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured hunger, cold, dirty living conditions, constant sickness, poor medical treatment, and bad hygiene.

20. Hardships of Army Life Soldiers exposed to the weather
Unsanitary camps
Weeks between baths and clean clothes
Lice and fleas spread disease
Poor hygiene led to illness
Contaminated food and water
Poor medical care
More than twice as many soldiers died from disease than battle wounds.

21. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

22. Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to endure all the following EXCEPT
boredom and hunger.
cold, dirty living conditions.
constant sickness.
poor medical treatment.
incompetent military leadership.

23. What was the main cause of death in the Civil War?
Suicide
The Minié ball
Snakebite
Disease
Ironclads

24. 15. Why was disease the main cause of death in the Civil War?
poor diet
contaminated water and food
exposure to cold and rain
unsanitary conditions
intentional exposure to germs by the enemy
Choose the one that is NOT true!

25. Changes in Military Technology
Rifles
Minié balls
Ironclads

26. Changes in Military Technology
A rifle is a gun with a grooved barrel that causes a bullet to spin through the air, giving the bullet more distance and accuracy.

27. Changes in Military Technology

28. Changes in Military Technology
A minié ball is a bullet with a hollow base, which expands upon firing to fit the grooves in the rifle barrel.

29. Changes in Military Technology
Tactics like cavalry charges and infantry assaults didn’t work as well as before.
The increased range and accuracy of the rifle allowed defenders to shoot charging attackers before they could reach their position.

30. Changes in Military Technology
An ironclad is a wooden warship covered with iron plates.

31. The first battle between ironclads took place on March 9, 1862.
The CSS Virginia battled the USS Monitor for four hours, before sailing away.

32. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

33. 16. What new technology was introduced during the Civil War?
the minié ball
ironclad ships
land mines
poison gas
rifles
explosive rockets
Choose all that are true!

34. How did use of the rifle and minié ball change combat tactics in the Civil War?
Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more bullets, causing higher enemy casualties.
Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier the firepower of five men fighting in earlier wars.
Their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry charges and traditional assaults into slaughter.
They struck their targets with greater destructive force and made stronger defensive fortifications necessary.