1. by and Don L. F. Nilsen and Alleen Pace Nilsen
ARCHETYPES
by and Don L. F. Nilsen
and Alleen Pace Nilsen 29

2. ARCHETYPES FROM CHILDREN’S LITERATURE29

3. THE ROMANCE
The Romance “presents an idealized world, the black-and-white world of our desires, where good things are really good, and bad things are really bad.
The Romance involves the Journey, and the Journey involves the Hero, the Villain, the Quest, the Sage, the Prohibition, the Sacrifice, the Dragon, the Treasure, and sometimes the rescue of the Maiden.
The epiphany (mountain top, tower, island, lighthouse, ladder, staircase, Jack’s beanstalk, Rapunzel’s hair, Indian rope trick etc.) connects Heaven and Earth” (Frye 203). 29

4. THE HERO
In archetypal hero tales, the hero, usually a young person identified as having “special” qualities, sets out on a journey—either real or metaphorical.
The young person does not know what is in store and has probably not made a conscious decision to embark on “the quest.”
Nevertheless, when challenges come, the young hero meets and overcomes them, often making some kind of a sacrifice in exchange for wisdom. A common motif is that help will come from an unexpected source, perhaps from an older and wiser person or from a supernatural source. 29

5. STAGES OF THE JOURNEY
The stages of the journey (listed below) can be seen in many of the quest stories and can also be compared to one’s own life.
The Shadow Archetypes result from hyperbole, from developing the hero’s characteristics to such an extreme that they become a negative force as when the caregiver turns into the overprotective mother or the lover into the jealous controller preventing or marring the process of development. 29

6. PREPARATION FOR THE JOURNEY
INNOCENT:
ARCHETYPE: Security, Acceptance, Disillusionment, Optimism
SHADOW ARCHETYPE: Denial, Repression, Blame
ORPHAN:
ARCHETYPE: Abandonment, Accepting Help, Against Authority
SHADOW: Cynicism, Victimization
WARRIOR:
ARCHETYPE: Fighting for Self, for Others, and for Ideals
SHADOW: Ruthlessness, Fighting to Win
CAREGIVER:
ARCHETYPE: Self-Sacrificing, “Tough Love,” Responsibility
SHADOW: Martyrdom, Guilt-Inducer 29

7. THE JOURNEY ITSELF SEEKER: ARCHETYPE: Exploration, Experimentation
SHADOW: Perfectionism, Inability to Commit
DESTROYER:
ARCHETYPE: Confusion, Acceptance of Chaos, Letting Go
SHADOW: Destructiveness of Self and Others
LOVER:
ARCHETYPE: Following Love, Bonding, Committing
SHADOW: Envy, Fixation, Don Juanism
CREATOR:
ARCHETYPE: Visionary, Creator of Own Environment
SHADOW: Creators of Negative Situations 29

8. THE RETURN FROM THE JOURNEY
RULER:
ARCHETYPE: Responsibility for Self & Others, Good of Planet
SHADOW: Ogre, Tyrant
MAGICIAN:
ARCHETYPE: Making Dreams Come True
SHADOW: Turning Positives into Negatives
SAGE:
ARCHETYPE: Searching for Truth
SHADOW: Insensitivity, Critical Judgment
WISE FOOL:
ARCHETYPE: Living for Fun, Living in the Moment
SHADOW: Self-Indulgence, Gluttony, Sloth 29

9. STAGE 1
The Innocent
The Orphan
The Warrior
The Caregiver 29

10. THE INNOCENT
The Innocent moves from an unquestioning acceptance of the environment through experiencing disillusionment (fall) to a return to Paradise as a wise innocent.
EXAMPLES: Brady Bunch, Forrest Gump, Bambi, Gomez Adams, Leo the Late Bloomer, The Little Mermaid, Pinocchio 29

11. THE ORPHAN
The Orphan moves from accepting pain and loss through accepting the need for help to becoming independent and working with others.
EXAMPLES: Charlie Brown, Cinderella, Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz, Huckleberry Finn, Frankenstein’s Monster, Maniac McGee, Oedipus, Harry Potter, Peter Rabbit, Dorothy 29

12. THE WARRIOR
The Warrior moves from fighting and cheating simply for the sake of fighting to fighting within the rules for others and for what really matters on an unselfish level.
EXAMPLES: Batman, Lancelot, Ulysses, Joan of Arc, Jo in Little Women, Robin Hood, 3 Musketeers, Superman, Darth Vader 29

13. THE CAREGIVER
The Caregiver moves from overcoming a conflict between one’s own needs and those of others through empowering others (tough love), to a willingness to help beyond immediate family (a global level).
EXAMPLES: Gepetto in Pinocchio, Holden Caulfield, The Giving Tree, Horton, “The Jewish Mother,” Mary Poppins, Pygmalion, Anne Sullivan, Mother Theresa,, The Velveteen Rabbit 29

14. STAGE 2
The Seeker
The Destroyer
The Lover
The Creator 29

15. THE SEEKER
The seeker moves from wandering aimlessly and trying out new things through trying to climb the ladder of success to looking for spiritual guidance.
EXAMPLES: Goldilocks, Indiana Jones, Don Juan, Leo the Late Bloomer, Luke Skywalker, Pinocchio 29

16. THE DESTROYER
The Destroyer moves from confusion over experiencing pain and death of a loved one through accepting mortality to letting go of what is not important.
EXAMPLES: Beowulf, The Big Bad Wolf, Samson, The Terminator, Darth Vader Lord Voldemort, 29

17. THE LOVER OR FRIEND
The lover, friend, or sidekick is incomplete without the other lover, friend, or sidekick.
SHADOW EXAMPLES: Bathsheba, Delilah, Don Juan, Don Giovani, Byron’s Don Juan, Cassanova 29

18. LOVERS, FRIENDS OR DOPPELGANGERS
Annie and Daddy Warbucks
Batman and Robin
Mark Anthony and Cleopatra
Robinson Crusoe and Friday
Hansel and Gretel
Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson
Dr. Jeckyl and Mr. Hyde
Othello, Iago, and Desdemona
Peter and the Wolf
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza
Romeo and Juliet
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
Tweedledum and Tweedledee 29

19. THE CREATOR
The Creator moves from daydreaming and imagining through knowing what is really important to allowing dreams to come true.
EXAMPLES: Kevin Costner in Field of Dreams, Frederick, The Purple Crayon 29

20. STAGE 3
The Ruler
The Magician
The Sage
The Wise Fool 29

21. THE RULER
The Ruler moves from taking responsibility for oneself through working with one’s own group or commnity to concern for society or the planet.
EXAMPLES: Aslan, King Arthur, Max in Where the Wild Things Are, Jupiter, Obi Wan Kenobee, The Lion King, Woden, Zeus 29

22. THE MAGICIAN
The Magician moves from healing and noticing extrasensory experiences through acting on visions to connecting everything with everything else establishing mental, emotional, and spiritual connections.
EXAMPLES: Abuela, Gandalf, Genie, Hermione, Merlin, Mary Poppins, Harry Potter, Samantha in Bewitched, The three Witches in Macbeth, The Wizard of Oz 29

23. THE SAGE
The Sage moves from searching for the truth through skepticism to an understanding of the complexity of truth.
EXAMPLES: the professor in Gilligan’s Island, Jimminy Cricket, Dumbledore,The Fairy Godmother, Galdalf, Luke Skywalker, Yoda 29

24. THE WISE FOOL/TRICKSTER
The Wise Fool moves from treating life as a game through using cleverness to trick others to living life one day at a time and enjoying each special moment.
EXAMPLES: Anansi the Spider, The Cat in the Hat, Coyote, Ferdinand, Forest Gump, The Hare in the Tortoise and Hare Race, Huckleberry Finn, Raven, Tom Sawyer, Sawyer on Lost, Schererazade, The Wizard of Oz 29

25. ARCHETYPE RELATIONSHIPS
Creator and Destroyer
Eiron and Alazon
Fool and Wise Fool
Hero and Anti-Hero
Innocent and Orphan
Junex and Senex in “Comedy of Manners”
Sage and Magician 29

26. IDENTIFY THE ARCHETYPES
In the following slides, place the examples into various archetypes, and explain what evidence you used to make your choices. 29

27. MALE EXAMPLES Woody Allen King Arthur
Aslan in The Lion, the Witch & the Wardrobe
Charlie Chaplin
Jesus Christ
Falstaff
Gandolf in Lord of the Rings
Obi Wan Kenobi
Radar O’Reilly on M*A*S*H
Samuel Pickwick
The Wizard of Oz 29

28. FEMALE EXAMPLES Alice in Wonderland Edith Bunker Cinderella Cleopatra
Hera or Juno
Joan of Arc
Moll Flanders
Nora in The Doll’s House
Three Witches in Macbeth
Tinkerbell in Peter Pan
Virgin Mary and Queen Elizabeth 29

29. !CHILD EXAMPLES David Copperfield Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz
Huckleberry Finn
Little Red Riding Hood
Peter Pan
Pinocchio
Tiny Tim
Tom Thumb
Winnie the Pooh 29

30. !!SHADOW EXAMPLES Bartleby the Scrivner (Melville)
Captain Ahab in Moby Dick
Dr. Frankenstein
Don Juan in Byron’s Don Juan
Willie Loman in Death of a Salesman
Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis
The Joker in Batman
Nurse Ratchet in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest
Oedipus
Lord Voldemort 29

31. !!!Web Sites: Arizona English Teachers Association:
Nilsen, Alleen Pace, and Don L. F. Nilsen. Encyclopedia of 20th Century American Humor. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2000:
Nilsen, Alleen Pace, and Don L. F. Nilsen. Names and Naming in Young Adult Literature. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2007:
YA-Lit Web Quests, Jim Blasingame—Web Master: 29

32. Campbell, Joseph. The Portable Jung. New York, NY: Penguin, 1971.
References:
Campbell, Joseph. The Portable Jung. New York, NY: Penguin, 1971.
Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957.
Jung, Carl G. Four Archetypes: Mother, Rebirth, Spirit, Trickster. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1959.
Nilsen, Alleen Pace Nilsen, and Don L. F. Nilsen. Encyclopedia of 20th Century American Humor. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.
Pearson, Carol S. Awakening the Heroes Within: Twelve Archetypes to Help Us Find Ourselves and Transform Our World. San Francisco, CAP Harper, 1991.
Pollack, Rachel. Complete Illustrated Guide to Tarot. New York, NY: Gramercy Books, 1999. 29