1. MORPHOLOGY OF THE FOLKTALE
VLADIMIR PROPP
By Ema Ramot

2. MORPHOLOGY
is a description of the tale according to its component parts and the relationship of these components to each other and to the whole

3. LINEAR SEQUENTIAL STRUCTURE
Follows the cronological order of the linear sequence of elements in the text as reported from an informant.

4. FUNCTIONS OF DRAMATIS PERSONAE
Limited – 31 functions
A large number arranged in pairs (prohibition – violation)
In groups (villainy – dispatch – decision for counteraction – departure)
Individual (absentation, punishment, marriage)

5. 1. ABSENTATION
One of the members of a family absents himself from home
(goes on a distant journey, visiting, fishing, for a walk)

6. 2. INTERDICTION A prohibition is addressed to the hero
(you dare not look into the closet)

7. 3. VIOLATION OF INTERDICTION
The prohibition is violated
a new personage enters the tale – the villain (a dragon, a witch)

8. 4. RECONNAISSANCE
It has the aim of finding out the location of children, precious objects.....

9. 5. DELIVERY
The villain receives information about his victim (directly receives an answer, a dialogue between the stepmother and the mirror)

10. TRICKERY
The villain attempts to deceive the victim in order to take possession of him or his belongings (the villain assumes a disguise, uses persuasion, applies magical means.....)

11. 7. COMPLICITY
The victim submits to deception and unwittingly helps his enemy
(interdictions are always broken and deceitful proposals are always accepted and fulfilled)

12. 8. VILLAINY Complication is begun
The villain causes harm or injury to a member of a family (abducts a person, takes away a magical agent, spoils the crops, causes bodily harm, causes a sudden disappearance, casts a spell.....)

13. 8.a LACK
One member of a family either lacks something or desires to have something (wondrous objects, bride.....)

14. 9. MEDIATION, THE CONNECTIVE INCIDENT
Misfortune or lack is made known, the hero is approached with a request, he is allowed to go or is dispatched

15. 10. BEGINNING COUNTERACTION
The seeker agrees to or decides upon counteraction

16. 11. DEPARTURE The hero leaves home
A new character enters the tale – THE DONOR or THE PROVIDER (usually encountered accidentally)
The seeker hero or the victim hero obtains some agent (usually magical) which permits the eventual liquidation of misfortune.

17. 12. THE FIRST FUNCTION OF THE DONOR
The hero is tested, which prepares for his receiving a magical agent or a helper

18. 13. THE HERO`S REACTION
The hero reacts to the actions of the future donor

19. 14. PROVISION OR RECEIPT OF A MAGICAL AGENT
The hero acquires the use of magical agent

20. 15. SPATIAL TRANSFERENCE BETWEEN TWO KINGDOMS, GUIDANCE
The hero is transferred, delivered or led to the whereabouts of an object of search

21. 16. STRUGGLE
The hero and the villain join in direct combat

22. 17. BRANDING, MARKING
The hero is branded (receives a wound, a princess brands the hero on the forehead with a signet ring.....)

23. 18. VICTORY
The villain is defeated

24. 19. LIQUIDATION The initial misfortune or lack is liquidated
The narrative receives its peak

25. 20. RETURN
The hero returns

26. 21. PURSUIT, CHASE
The hero is pursued

27. 22. RESCUE The hero is rescued
Many tales end on the note of rescue from pursuit or there is another misfortune etc.

28. 23. UNRECOGNIZED ARRIVAL
The hero, unrecognized, arrives home or in another country

29. 24. UNFOUNDED CLAIMS
A false hero presents unfounded claims.

30. 25. DIFFICULT TASK
A difficult task is proposed to the hero.

31. 26. SOLUTION
The task is resolved

32. 27. ROCOGNITION
The hero is recognized.

33. 28. EXPOSURE
The false hero or villain is exposed.

34. 29. TRANSFIGURATION
The hero is given a new appearance.

35. 30. PUNISHMENT
The villain is punished.

36. 31. WEDDING
The hero is married/ascends the throne.