1. Respiratory System

3. Nose – produces mucus, warms, moistens, and filters air, and resonance chamber for speech Pharynx – passage way for air and food Trachea – air passageway warms, moistens and cleans air Bronchial Tree – Air passageway warms, moistens and cleans air- connects trachea with alveoli Alveoli – Main sites of gas exchange- CO2 and O2 Lungs – house respiratory passages smaller than the bronchi Pleurae – Produce lubricating fluids and compartmentalize the lungs

4. Respiratory System Anatomy of the Respiratory System 1.Nasal Meatuses Passageways created by the conchae 2.Nasopharynx Air (only) passageway, traps pathogens 3.Oropharynx Air and food passageway 4.Laryngopharynx Air and food passageway 5.Esophogus Food passageway 6.Nasal Conchae (Turbinates) slow down inhaled air, allowing it to be warmed and moistened 7.Nostril Warm air on inhalation, and retain moisture on exhalation 8.Epiglottis Seals off the entrance to the larynx so food does not enter trachea 9.Trachea passageway for inhaled/exhaled air

5. Respiratory System 1.The function of the larynx is: Contains vocal folds and ligaments that produce voice sounds 2.The larynx consists of: Cartilages: thyroid, cricoid, paired arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform; and the epiglottis, which is elastic cartilage 3.What happens with the vocal ligaments? vibrate as air passes over them to produce sound 4.What occurs during voice production? release of expired air and the opening and closing of the glottis Some voices are deeper than others due to the thickness and length of vocal folds, genetics, age 5.The role of the glottis is? closes to prevent exhalation and the abdominal muscles contract, causing intra-abdominal pressure to rise Anatomy of the Respiratory System

7. Respiratory System 1.Thorax Rib cage, sternum (anterior), ribs (lateral), spinal column (posterior) 2.Thoracic cavity Protected by thorax, contains respiratory organs 3.Mediastinum Cavity w/in the thoracic cavity that contains trachea, heart, and esophagus 4.Diaphragm Muscle that rises and falls during breathing(inferior portion of Thoracic cavity) 5.Pleural Cavity Contains both lungs 6.Pleura A double layered membrane (secretes fluid) 7.Visceral pleura Layer next to the lung surface 8.Parietal pleura Next to the wall of the thorax 9.Pleural space Narrow area between the 2 layers 10.Pleural fluid Slippery fluid that allows the layers to pass each other smoothly during expansion and contraction

8. Respiratory System Physiology Respiration Breathing in and out Inhalation Breathing in (inspiration) Exhalation Breathing out (expiration) Respiratory control centers In brain, regulates the depth and rate of breathing Phrenic nerve Receives nerve impulses to control diaphragm (involuntary) Intercostal muscles Muscle between the ribs Eupnea Normal depth and rate of respiration

9. Respiratory System Physiology Ventilation Movement of air in and out of the lungs External respiration Oxygen from the alveoli to the blood Carbon dioxide from blood into the alveoli Gas Transport Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs to the heart, then pumped throughout the body to reach every cell Internal respiration Oxygen moves from the blood into cells Carbon dioxide from cells into the blood Cellular respiration Oxygen used by cells to produce energy during metabolism- carbon dioxide is waste product

10. Respiratory System Physiology

11. Respiratory System What shape is the hemoglobin molecule? The shape of a globe Carbon dioxide is carried in what 3 forms in the blood? – On the hemoglobin molecule – In the form of bicarbonate ions – As carbon dioxide in the blood On average, a person breathes how much in a lifetime? 300 million times In a day? 23,000 per day Pints of air per minute? 13 pints/ minute Gallons of air in a lifetime? 75 million gallons