1. SNC 2P Biology Review

2. Diffusion Fill in the missing words:
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of ___________ concentration to an area of __________ concentration

3. Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of ____________ molecules across a ______________

4. Osmosis
In which direction will water move (into the cell or out of the cell) in the example below?

5. Cells Why do cells need to remain small?
State three reasons why cells need to divide

6. Cell division State the stages of the cell cycle
Circle the two stages that are the division stage
Star the stage that is just about division of the genetic material

7. Answers: High, low Water, semi-permeable membrane Into the cell
Small cells are more efficient at moving materials into and out of the cell because diffusion happens at a constant rate
Repair/maintain, growth, reproduce
Interphase, mitosis*, cytokinesis

8. Mitosis Match each figure with either:
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase or telophase

9. Cancer What is a mutation?
Which of these types of tumour is more dangerous?
Benign or malignant
Give two reasons why that type is more dangerous

10. Answers: A – telophase, B- prophase, C- anaphase, D-metaphase
A change in the genetic code (or DNA)
Malignant
They invade other cells and they spread to other parts of the body (metastasis)

11. Cell Specialization What type of cell do all cells start out as?
Why do cells in multicellular organisms (like humans) need different kinds of cells?
What happens to cell when it specializes?
What is the name of this process?

12. Types of cells
Identify each of the following types of cells:

13. Types of tissues Fill in the blanks: State the 4 types of tissues
Cells specialize and work together to form ____
Tissues work together in ______ to perform a common task
Organs work together in ____ ____ to perform a common task
State the 4 types of tissues

14. Answers Stem cells Because there are many kinds of jobs to perform
They change size and shape
Cell differentiation
A- muscle, B-nerve, C-skin, D-bone, E-blood
Tissues, organs, organ systems
Muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous

15. Identify the organ that:
Moves blood through the body
Exchanges gases
Cleans and filters the blood
Cleans the blood, stores substances such as glycogen, vitamins and minerals
Churns and digests food
Absorbs nutrients into the body

16. Match the organ system Transports blood, nutrients, gases and wastes
Takes in and breaks down food
Controls breathing
Removes liquid wastes from the body
Moves body parts and organs
Provides structural support
Gathers and interprets sensory information
Defends against disease
Includes skin, hair, nails and provides a protective barrier

17. Answers Heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, stomach, small intestine
Circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, excretory system, muscular system, skeletal system, nervous system, immune system, integumentary system

18. Respiration Match the labels to the structures or fill in the blanks:
Work bank: alveoli, capillaries, bronchus, bronchioles, diaphragm, epiglottis, larynx, lung, nasal cavity, pharynx, poor, rich, trachea

19. Respiration Explain what happens in gas exchange
Why is blood ‘oxygen poor’ when it arrives at the lungs? Or why do we need oxygen?

20. Answers A – capillaries B – alveoli C – poor D – rich E – nasal cavity
F – pharynx
G – epiglottis
H – larynx
I – trachea
J – bronchus
K – lung
L – bronchioles
M – diaphragm
Oxygen moves into the lungs/alveoli, diffuses into the capillaries then diffuses into body cells while carbon dioxide goes from body cells through the blood to the lungs to be exhaled
For cellular respiration- so body cells can make energy using glucose and oxygen

21. Circulation Identify structures A - E:
Use the numbers to explain what happens to blood as it flows through the heart/lungs/body

22. Answers A- artery, B-vein, C-valve, D- capillaries, E- heart
10 –oxygen poor blood arrives at the heart and enters at 11 (right atrium) then goes to 1 (right ventricle) and is pumped out through 2 to the lungs (3) where gas exchange occurs
Oxygen rich blood comes from 3 (lungs) to 4 (left atrium) then 5 (left ventricle) where it is pumped through 6 (the aorta) to the body

23. Digestion
Identify the parts labeled below:

24. Digestion State the 4 processes of digestion
Explain the difference between physical and mechanical digestion
What happens during absorption?

25. Answers
A- mouth, B-esophagus, C-stomach, D-liver, E-pancreas, F- large intestine, G- small intestine, H – rectum
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
Physical – breaking food down into smaller pieces
Chewing, churning
Chemical digestion uses chemicals (enzymes) to break food down for absorption
Saliva, gastric (stomach) fluids
The diffusion of food from the small intestine into the blood to travel to each cell of the body

26. Cellular Respiration Write the word equation for cellular respiration
glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
Explain how glucose and oxygen enter the body and reach each cell
Explain how carbon dioxide waste is removed from the body

27. Answers
Oxygen enters through the respiratory system (lungs/alveoli) and diffuses into the circulatory system (capillaries) where it is carried to every cell (and diffuses into the cells)
Glucose is absorbed from the digestive system and enters the circulatory system (capillaries) where it is carried to every body cell (and diffuses into the cells)
Carbon dioxide is a waste that diffuses from body cells into the circulatory system (capillaries) and is carried to the alveoli where it diffuses into the respiratory system and is exhaled

28. Organelles Organelle: Function Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Vesicle
Ribosomes
Function
A - transportation network
B - structural support
C - control centre, where the DNA is
D -creates energy from food
E- stores food water or wastes
F- controls what enters/exits
G -packages material for shipment
H -supports organelles, where chemical reactions happen
I -manufactures proteins
J -creates food from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide
K -membrane bound structure that carries materials into/out of cell

29. Answers Cell wall -B Cell membrane - F Cytoplasm - H Nucleus - C
Mitochondrion - D
Chloroplast -J
Vacuole - E
Endoplasmic reticulum - A
Golgi apparatus - G
Vesicle - K
Ribosomes - I

30. Animal cell
Label the parts of the cell:

31. Plant cell
Label the parts of the cell:

32. Answers Animal cell A – ribosome B – nucleus C – endoplasmic reticulum
D – cytoplasm
E – vacuole
F – Golgi apparatus
G – cell membrane
H – vesicle
I – cytoskeleton
J – mitochondrion
Plant cell
A – cytoskeleton
B – chloroplast
C – vacuole
D – vesicle
E – nucleus
F – ribosome
G – endoplasmic reticulum
H – cell membrane
I – cell wall
J – cytoplasm
K – Golgi apparatus
L – mitochondrion