1. C LAUSES AND P HRASES

2. C LAUSES Have a subject and a verb Two types Independent Dependent (also called subordinate)

3. I NDEPENDENT C LAUSES Express a complete thought Can stand alone as a simple sentence Compound sentences are made up of two or more independent clauses

4. E XAMPLES my mom went shopping the furry dog chased its tail our favorite shopping mall is closed

5. D EPENDENT C LAUSES Cannot stand alone Begins with a subordinating conjunction

6. E XAMPLES although I enjoy roller skating because school is five days a week while Lucy cleans the house after you read

7. S UBORDINATING C ONJUNCTIONS YOU must recognize these! afteralthoughasAs ifAs soon as becauseBefore Even ifEven though ifIn caseonceOnly ifSince thanwheneverthoughtillunlessuntilWhen thatwhereverwherewhile

8. P HRASE A group of words that work together Does not have both a subject and predicate Has either a subject or a predicate

9. E XAMPLES bake cookies the girl with the purple hat my brother’s favorite toy At the end of the performance