1. 25 The Conservative Tide A Conservative Movement Emerges
QUIT 25
C H A P T E R
The Conservative Tide
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
INTERACT WITH HISTORY
TIME LINE
SECTION 1
A Conservative Movement Emerges
SECTION 2
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
GRAPH
SECTION 3
Social Concerns of the 1980s
SECTION 4
Foreign Policy After the Cold War
MAP
VISUAL SUMMARY

2. HOME 25
C H A P T E R
The Conservative Tide
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
To understand the political and social events of the 1980s and early 1990s

3. 25 The Conservative Tide I N T E R A C T
HOME 25
C H A P T E R
The Conservative Tide
I N T E R A C T
W I T H H I S T O R Y
It is the autumn of You are a campaign manager for Republican presidential candidate, Ronald Reagan, former film star and past governor of California. Reagan must defeat President Jimmy Carter, who has lost support. Carter has failed to bring home the hostages in Iran and to revive the economy. Reagan, an optimist, pledges to do both. He also plans to cut taxes and cut back on government programs.
What campaign slogan will you create?
Examine the Issues
• What qualities in your candidate will win support?
• What issues are important?
• How can you present Reagan as a winner?

4. 25 The Conservative Tide The United States The World continued . . .
HOME 25
C H A P T E R
The Conservative Tide
TIME LINE
The United States
The World
1980 Ronald Reagan is elected president.
1980 Zimbabwe claims independence.
1981 Sandra Day O’Connor becomes the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court.
1982 Great Britain and Argentina go to war over the Falkland Islands.
1982 Equal Rights Amendment fails to win ratification.
1984 President Reagan is reelected.
1984 South African Bishop Desmond Tutu receives the Nobel Peace Prize.
1985 The Soviet Union suffers a disastrous accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
1986 Iran arms deal is revealed.
continued . . .

5. 25 The Conservative Tide The United States The World HOME TIME LINE
C H A P T E R
The Conservative Tide
TIME LINE
The United States
The World
1987 President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev sign the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
1988 George Bush is elected president. Reverend Jesse Jackson runs for the Democratic presidential nomination.
1989 The Chinese government kills student protesters in Tiananmen Square. Germans dismantle the Berlin Wall.
1991 Persian Gulf War breaks out.
1991 Soviet Union breaks apart.

6. A Conservative Movement Emerges
S E C T I O N 1
A Conservative Movement Emerges
HOME
KEY IDEA
The new conservatism begins with the defeat of Barry Goldwater in 1964 and triumphs with the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

7. A Conservative Movement Emerges
S E C T I O N 1
A Conservative Movement Emerges
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Conservatism reached a high point with the election in 1980 of President Ronald Reagan and Vice-President George Bush.
In the early 21st century, conservative views strongly influenced both major political parties.
TERMS & NAMES
• entitlement program
• affirmative action
• Ronald Reagan
• reverse discrimination
• conservative coalition
• New Right
• Moral Majority
ASSESSMENT

8. A Conservative Movement Emerges
S E C T I O N 1
A Conservative Movement Emerges
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List eight conservative issues.
End affirmative action
Reduce the size of the federal government
Reduce entitlement programs
End busing
Conservative Issues
Stop the regulation of guns
Prayer in school
Defeat the ERA
Eliminate legal abortions
continued . . .

9. A Conservative Movement Emerges
S E C T I O N 1
A Conservative Movement Emerges
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. How did the leaders of the conservative movement of the 1980s want to change government? Think About:
• the difference between the conservative view of government and the liberal view
• the groups that made up the conservative coalition
• conservatives’ attitudes toward existing government programs
ANSWER
Conservatives wanted to reduce the size of federal government; lower taxes; end gun control, affirmative action, and busing; increase defense spending; and promote traditional family values.
continued . . .

10. A Conservative Movement Emerges
S E C T I O N 1
A Conservative Movement Emerges
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. What role did the Moral Majority play in the conservative movement of the 1970s and early 1980s?
ANSWER
The Moral Majority represented a religious revival that stressed a literal interpretation of the Bible and argued for restoration of traditional values.
continued . . .

11. A Conservative Movement Emerges
S E C T I O N 1
A Conservative Movement Emerges
HOME
ASSESSMENT
4. What personal qualities in Ronald Reagan helped him to win election as president in 1980?
ANSWER
Reagan, known as the Great Communicator, had the ability to simplify issues and offer clear-cut answers.
End of Section 1

12. Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
S E C T I O N 2
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
GRAPH
HOME
KEY IDEA
President Reagan puts in place conservative policies that affect the nation’s budget and the federal government.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

13. Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
S E C T I O N 2
GRAPH
HOME
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Presidents Reagan and Bush pursued a conservative agenda that included tax cuts, budget cuts, and increased defense spending.
The conservative views of Reagan and Bush created policies and priorities that affect government spending and budgeting today.
TERMS & NAMES
• supply-side economics
• Sandra Day O’Connor
• Geraldine Ferraro
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Strategic Defense Initiative
• deregulation
• Reaganomics
• George Bush
ASSESSMENT

14. Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush DEFINITION OF REGANOMICS
GRAPH
HOME
S E C T I O N 2
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
ASSESSMENT
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Define “Reaganomics,” and then list its short-term and long-term effects.
DEFINITION OF REGANOMICS
Policy advocating tax cuts to bolster private investments, leading to increased national supply of goods and services.
Short-Term Effects
Falling interest rates, decreased inflation, economic growth
Long-Term Effects
Increased national debt, budget deficit, trade imbalances, higher taxes
continued . . .

15. Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
S E C T I O N 2
GRAPH
HOME
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
ASSESSMENT
2. Why did President Reagan and President Bush think it was important to appoint conservative justices to the Supreme Court?
ANSWER
The Supreme Court decides which laws are constitutional. Both Reagan and Bush had conservative agendas and wanted the Supreme Court to support those agendas.
continued . . .

16. Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
S E C T I O N 2
GRAPH
HOME
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
ASSESSMENT
3. In your opinion was Reagan’s first term a success? Think About:
• how his tax cuts impacted the rich and the poor
• the economy
• the federal budget
ANSWER
Reagan’s first term was a mix of success and failure—stopped the growth of inflation but the federal deficit rose.
continued . . .

17. Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
S E C T I O N 2
GRAPH
HOME
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
ASSESSMENT
4. Read the following excerpt from Ronald Reagan’s speech at the 1992 Republican Convention.
“ We mustn’t forget the very different America that existed just 12 years ago; an America with 21 percent interest rates and double-digit inflation; an America where mortgage payments doubled, paychecks plunged, and motorists sat in gas lines; an America whose leaders told us that what we really needed was another good dose of government control and higher taxes.”
What picture did Reagan paint of the Carter administration?
ANSWER
That high interest rates, high inflation, gas lines, and too much government marked Carter’s administration.
End of Section 2

18. Social Concerns of the 1980s
S E C T I O N 3
Social Concerns of the 1980s
HOME
KEY IDEA
Social issues of many kinds continue to concern the nation during the conservative backlash.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

19. Social Concerns of the 1980s
S E C T I O N 3
Social Concerns of the 1980s
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Beneath the surge of prosperity that marked the conservative era of the 1980s lay serious social problems.
Issues involving health care, education, civil rights, and equal rights for women continue to challenge American society.
TERMS & NAMES
• L. Douglas Wilder
• Lauro Cavazos
• AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
• Antonia Coello Novello
• pay equity
• Jesse Jackson
ASSESSMENT

20. Social Concerns of the 1980s
S E C T I O N 3
Social Concerns of the 1980s
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. List several of the social problems of the Reagan and Bush years and how the government responded to them.
Social Problems
Government Response
Abortion
Supreme Court restrictions
Drug use
“Just say No!” campaign
Education
America 2000 education initiative
Women’s rights
Day care budget cuts; pay equity in some states
Equal rights for minorities
Supreme Court reversal of affirmative-action decision
continued . . .

21. Social Concerns of the 1980s
S E C T I O N 3
Social Concerns of the 1980s
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. How might improvements in the educational system help solve other social problems? Think About:
• the impact education might have on health-related problems
• the impact that education might have on urban problems
• the impact that education might have on unemployment
ANSWER
Education might help discourage unsafe sex and drug use. Education would lead to future job opportunities and lower unemployment rates.
continued . . .

22. Social Concerns of the 1980s
S E C T I O N 3
Social Concerns of the 1980s
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. Compare the political gains and losses experienced by various groups during the Reagan and Bush administrations.
ANSWER
More jobs and political opportunities for women and minorities; Native Americans gained support for gambling casinos on their native lands; Asian Americans were the second fastest-growing minority population; several states outlawed anti-gay discrimination.
continued . . .

23. Social Concerns of the 1980s
S E C T I O N 3
Social Concerns of the 1980s
HOME
ASSESSMENT
4. Why might a widening gap between the richest and poorest citizens of a country be a cause for concern about that country’s future?
ANSWER
A widening economic gap could lead to a permanently divided society.
End of Section 3

24. Foreign Policy After the Cold War
S E C T I O N 4
Foreign Policy After the Cold War
MAP
HOME
KEY IDEA
Major changes throughout the world have a great impact on the direction of U.S. foreign policy.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

25. Foreign Policy After the Cold War
S E C T I O N 4
Foreign Policy After the Cold War
MAP
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The end of the Cold War, marked by the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, led to a redirection of many U.S. goals and policies.
After the Cold War, the United States provided and continues to provide substantial economic support to the new capitalistic and democratic nations.
TERMS & NAMES
• INF Treaty
• Tiananmen Square
• Sandinistas
• Operation Desert Storm
• Mikhail Gorbachev
• glasnost
• Contras
• perestroika
ASSESSMENT

26. Foreign Policy After the Cold War
S E C T I O N 4
Foreign Policy After the Cold War
MAP
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. Explain U.S. foreign policy in Europe, in Central America and the Caribbean, and in the Middle East.
U.S. Foreign Policy
Europe
INF Treaty; START II Pact; Cold War ends
Central America and Caribbean
Cut aid to Sandinistas; send aid to Contras; invasion of Grenada
Middle East
Iran-Contra affair; Operation Desert Storm
continued . . .

27. Foreign Policy After the Cold War
S E C T I O N 4
Foreign Policy After the Cold War
MAP
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. What factors caused the end of the Cold War?
Think About:
• events in the Soviet Union
• events in Germany and Eastern Europe
• how U.S. leaders responded to those events
ANSWER
Collapse of Soviet economy, Gorbachev’s reforms in the Soviet Union, unification of East and West Germany
continued . . .

28. Foreign Policy After the Cold War
S E C T I O N 4
Foreign Policy After the Cold War
MAP
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. What factors do you think determined whether or not the United States intervened militarily in other nations?
ANSWER
The United States intervened when essential United States interests and assets—American lives, democracy, oil—were at stake.
continued . . .

29. Foreign Policy After the Cold War
S E C T I O N 4
Foreign Policy After the Cold War
MAP
HOME
ASSESSMENT
4. Is it possible for an authoritarian government to make economic reforms without also making political reforms?
ANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES:
Yes: China, for example
No: Soviet Union, for example
End of Section 4