1. Robert Houze University of Washington (with contributions from B. Smull) Winter MONEX Summer MONEX Presented at: International Conference on MONEX and its Legacy, 3-7 Feb 2005, New Delhi

2. Johnson & Houze 1987

3. Houze et al. 1981 WINTER MONEX Diurnal variation of high cloudiness near Borneo 08 LST 20 LST 14 LST 02 LST S. CHINA SEA December 1978 Bintulu BORNEO

4. Houze et al. 1981 Radar Obs. of WINTER MONEX Borneo cloud system Stratiform Precipitation Bintulu

5. Mapes et al. 2003 Pacific South America Andes Diurnal gravity wave generation of mesoscale convection over coastal South America

6. Johnson & Houze 1987

7. 300 mb wind & sfc pressure850 mb wind Percent High Cloudiness in the Summer Monsoon 1999 May-September 1999 < 235 K< 210 K Zuidema 2002

8. Diurnal cycle, mean percent high cloudiness, 1999 Cloud Top < 210 K Zuidema 2002

9. r < 85 km r = 140-210 km r = 85-140 km r > 210 km Location of cloud systems by horizontal dimension May-September 1999 Cloud Top < 210 K

10. 60E 100E equator NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown Webster et al. 2002

11. Zuidema 2002 JASMINE Mesoscale Convective Systems Defined & tracked by 218 K infrared threshold

12. JASMINE 1999, Ship Track & Satellite Data 85-90 E Ship Track Webster et al. 2002

14. IR Temperature 08:30 LST

15. IR Temperature 11:30 LST

16. IR Temperature 14:30 LST

17. IR Temperature 17:30 LST

18. IR Temperature 20:30 LST

19. IR Temperature Ship radar 20:30 LST

20. 2345 LST 22 May 990215 LST 23 May 990615 LST 23 May 99 JASMINE 1999 Ship Radar Data

21. Doppler Radial Velocity Reflectivity JASMINE 1999 Ship Radar Data 22 May 1999 2300 LST

22. Doppler Radial Velocity Reflectivity JASMINE 1999 Ship Radar Data 22 May 1999 2143 LST

23. JASMINE Ship Radar Data TRMM Precipitation Radar Swath 23 May 1999 0650 LST

24. TRMM Precipitation Radar shows extensive stratiform structure

25. SUMMER MONEX 6 July 1979 850 mb wind Houze & Churchill 1987

26. SUMMER MONEX 6 July 1979 NOAA P3 Aircraft Radar Microphysics 14N 20N 88E92E 88E92E 14N 20N

27. 850 mb wind SUMMER MONEX 8 July 1979 Houze & Churchill 1987

28. Radar Microphysics SUMMER MONEX 8 July 1979 NOAA P3 Aircraft 16N 20N 82E86E 82E86E 16N 20N Houze & Churchill 1987

29. SUMMER MONEX Microphysics, All P3 flights, 3-8 July 1979 Houze & Churchill 1987 Columns Needles Drops Aggregates Plates Dendrites   ColumnsPlates & Dendrites Aggregates & Drops Flight Level Temperature (deg C) 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 Relative Frequency of Occurrence Melting

30. Intense Convective Wide Stratiform °N °E TRMM Precipitation Radar June-Sept, 2002-2003

31.  Oceanic convection in both winter and summer monsoons occur in deep, broad mesoscale convective systems, often diurnally forced  Ground and airborne radars showed that precipitation in the mature mesoscale convective systems was predominantly stratiform  Microphysical data collected by aircraft confirmed the highly stratiform character of the precipitation, with evidence of ice particle growth by vapor deposition & aggregation  JASMINE 1999 shows the deepest, broadest, & longest lasting mesoscale systems are diurnal & propagate southward, possibly as waves, with discrete jumps in the progression of the cloud systems  TRMM satellite radar data (since 1997) confirm the stratiform character of the precipitation over the ocean—in contrast to that over the land

36. Diurnal cycle, mean percent high cloudiness, 1999 <235 K<210 K Zuidema 2002

38. Churchill & Houze 1984 Stratiform precipitation shown by the Bintulu Radar

39. Houze et al. 1981 WINTER MONEX Time series of high cloudiness seen by satellite SOUTH CHINA SEA BORNEO December 1978