1. Women in Antarctica Changing Roles Among the “Frozen Chosen” A Presentation for Women’s History Month 2002 At Lucent

2. Antarctica: Bottom of the World

3. Antarctica: Location Map courtesy of the Perry-Casteneda Collection

4. Antarctica: Where Are We? Map courtesy of National Science Foundation

5. Antarctica: Cutaway View Diagram courtesy of National Science Foundation

6. First Women on The Ice (1940s-1950s)

7. Edith (“Jackie”) Ronne Scientist, Correspondent - 1946 Married explorer Finn Ronne (1943) Helped plan expedition Initially objected to going (did not want expedition undermined) Collected seismology and tides data Handled publicity for the expedition

8. Jenny Darlington ”Tourist” - 1946 Talked into going by Edith Ronne Her relatives funded much of the expedition’s cost First female winter-over (with Ronne) 4 months pregnant at expedition’s end (Yikes!) Positive addition to group

9. “Taking everything into consideration, I do not think women belong in Antarctica” – Jennie Darlington, first woman to winter over in Antarctic (with Edith Ronne), 1947

10. First Steps Forward (1960s and 1970s)

11. First Women At South Pole Scientists - 1969

12. Michelle Raney Physician – 1971 First American woman to winter over at South Pole Acted as doctor and dentist Advocated benefits of women in Antarctica Photo courtesy of Barbara Land

13. “The introduction and integration of women into the Antarctic milieu, specifically the winterover parties, provides significant opportunities for medical, public health, psychosocial, and sociological research” – Michelle Raney, MD, the first American woman to winter over at South Pole

14. Mary Alice McWhinney Marine biologist – 1970s First woman to winter over at McMurdo Station First woman science leader of that station Marine lab at Palmer Station named for her Photo courtesy of Barbara Land

15. Yuan deVries Molecular biologist - 1971-1975 Molecular biologist Worked with husband, Arthur, on antifreeze protein research Co-founder of the first modern research aquarium at McMurdo Station Photo courtesy of Barbara Land

16. Gaining Equal Footing (1980s and 1990s)

17. Roberta (“Robbie”) Score Geologist - 1980s-1999+ Crary Lab supervisor Geologist Found the “Mars Rock” (ALH84001) Photos courtesy of Florida Today THIS IS NOT “THE” ROCK

18. Betty (“B.K.”) Grant Communications Specialist - 1990-present Supervisor of South Pole Information Systems Wintered over several times (and may again) 12 seasons there (and counting!) Photo courtesy of Lisa Beal

19. Liv Arneson, Ann Bancroft Explorers – 1990s Hold numerous women’s ‘first’ records for polar exploration Used high tech to connect to Internet during South Pole expedition

20. Jerri Nielsen Physician - 1998-1999 South Pole physician Fought cancer there Wrote book on this Many TV appearances Promoted telemedicine Book cover courtesy of Talk Miramax Books

21. “Here, in this lonely outpost… I have found the most perfect home I have ever known.” – Jerri Nielsen, MD, in the prelude of her book, “Icebound”

22. Into the 21 st Century (2000 and Beyond)

23. Keeping Science Afloat Research Ship Operations Marine technicians Shipboard scientists Crane operators Photos courtesy of Lisa Beal

24. Keeping the Continent Moving Cargo & Flight Operations Cargo operators Aviation Specialists Pilots & Navigators Photo courtesy of Lisa Beal

25. Behind the Scenes Support Personnel Health & safety professionals Computer specialists Radio operations Electronics technicians Photos courtesy of Lisa Beal, John Penny

26. Leading the Pack: Station Management Team leadership Science representatives Station management Program management Photo courtesy of Lisa Beal

27. Recommended Reading THE NEW EXPLORERS – Women in Antarctica, Barbara Land, Dodd, Mead & Co., 1981, 224pp ICEBOUND: A Doctor’s Incredible Battle for Survival at the South Pole, Jerri Nielsen, MD, Talk Miramax, 2000

28. Recommended Web Sites Raytheon Polar Services – www.polar.orgwww.polar.org Antarctic Online – www.antarcticaonline.comwww.antarcticaonline.com GLACIER – www.glacier.rice.eduwww.glacier.rice.edu National Science Foundation – www.nsf.govwww.nsf.gov