1. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com “NEWSPACE” EMERGING PERSPECTIVES FOR EO AND GI POLICY Mukund Rao (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com)mukund.k.rao@gmail.com & K R Sridhara Murthy (krsmurthy09@gmail.com)krsmurthy09@gmail.com National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bangalore, India PRESENTATION AT 3RD MANFRED LACHS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEWSPACE COMMERCIALISATION AND THE LAW MCGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL March 16-17, 2015

2. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com EARTH OBSERVATION UN RS PRINCIPLES (1986) RS FOR BENEFIT OF MANKIND – “OPEN SKIES” POLICY ASSURED NON-DISCRIMINATORY ACCESS, SENSED STATE “RIGHTS” FRAMEWORK OF COOPERATION AND SHARING NATIONS HAVE POLICIES POSITIONING GLOBAL AGREEMENTS AND FRAMEWORKS - TECHNICAL NATIONAL POLICIES DEFINED GIS NO GLOBAL-AGREEMENTS OR POLICIES NATIONAL POLICIES FOR MAPPING AND GIS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE PAST 20-30 YEARS HAVE CHANGED THE GLOBAL- PERCEPTION LARGE NUMBER OF EO SATELLITES – GOVT + PRIVATE HIGHRES IMAGES IN COMMERCIAL DOMAIN POS SATELLITES – A KEY DATA GI INDUSTRY – “SEAMLESS” GLOBAL SPATIAL INFORMATION NEWER APPLICATIONS OF PUBLIC-GOOD AND COMMERCIAL

3. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com WORLD OVER GI CONTENT FOCUS NOW ….. GI CONTENT/ APPLICATIONS EO IMAGES – SATELLITES/AERIAL GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE OWNERSHIP LAND, TERRAIN, WEATHER, CLIMATE- CHANGE GLOBAL, COMMERCIAL DATA ANALYTICS/FUSION CIVILIAN, COMMERCIAL, SECURITY AND GLOBAL APPS WEB-SERVICES – MAPS AND APPS GLOBAL, COMMERCIAL PRIVATE OWNED SERVICES (GLOBAL) + GOVT SERVICES (NATIONAL) 4-D GI CONTENT (X,Y,Z,T) “LAYERED” DATA-ANALYSIS CIVILIAN, COMMERCIAL, SECURITY AND GLOBAL APPS PRECISE POSITIONING SATELLITES

4. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com PARAMETERTHEN, ….. (SAY, IN 1980s)NOW, …. (IN 2012) EO SATELLITES & GIS3-4 (FEW) NATIONS – GOVERNMENT ONLY40+ NATIONS + PRIVATE SECTOR IMAGE COVERAGENATIONAL/REGIONALGLOBAL IMAGE RESOLUTIONSUPTO ~10 M<1M GIS TECHNOLOGYBASIC-LEVEL – JUST STARTEDHIGHLY ADVANCED - SERVICES POSITIONINGCIVILIAN – COARSE; DEFENCE - PRECISEHIGH PRECISION SERVICE; MULTI-SYSTEMS MAPPINGMANUAL AND CUMBERSOMEDIGITAL, AUTOMATED AND ANALYTICS GIS DATABASESLOCAL/PROJECTS, MANLY GOVERNMENTLARGE-AREA/NATIONAL/GLOBAL; GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE, CITIZEN- EMBEDDED GI DISSEMINATIONPAPER MAPSDIGITAL ON WEB/MOBILE – DATA AND APPS EASE OF ACCESSDIFFICULT/LIMITEDEASY – WITH GLOBAL IMAGE/GIS PORTALS COSTHIGHSTILL HIGH GLOBAL HR IN GI~IN THOUSANDSIN MILLIONS THREAT PERCEPTIONDEFENSE – “DENIAL”DEFENCE; NATIONAL SECURITY; LEGAL - REGISTRATION USER-BASESMALLLARGE; TOUCHES EVERYONE SO, POLICYRESTRICTED (DENIAL)REGULATED … 4

5. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com LANDSAT – USA GPS - USA IRS – INDIA IRNSS- INDIA SPOT /PLEIADES- FRANCE RADARSAT – CANADA RAPIDEYE – EUROPE GALILEO- EUROPE CHINA EO SATELLITES.. US NATIONAL MAP ONEMAP - SINGAPORE DIGITALGLOBE - USA SKYBOX – USA PLANETLABS - USA URTHECAST – USA.. GOOGLE EARTH ESRI ARCGIS ONLINE MAPMYINDIA – INDIA ONEMAP – SINGAPORE MICROSOFT - TERRASYSTEMS “NEW” EO, POS AND GIS SYSTEMS – SOME EXAMPLES GOVERNEMENTS: LARGE CORPORATES: 5

6. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com Generate (National) Content Serving Public/Merit Good EO and GI Sharing - cooperative Rights to Information Security Applications Public-Private Private Partnerships Public Finance and Technology Investment R&D Investment (IPR) (Cost Recovery) Generating Global Content Market driven EO and GI Global Service – Data and Applications Large Investments – Financial/Technology Market Pricing IPR Liability (Profit-centric) GLOBAL SCENARIO OF EO and GIS GOVERNEMENTS: LARGE CORPORATES: 6

7. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com OWNERSHIP OF SATELLITES? INDIAN GOVERNMENT FOREIGN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IMAGING CONTROL DATA ACQUISITION HOW ACQUIRED? GROUND STATION – CENTRALISED/LICENSED ON-BOARD STORAGE DATA DISTRIBUTION WHO DISTRIBUTES SATELLITE OWNER LICENSED DISTRIBUTOR RE-SELLER NETWORK DISSEMINATION HOW DISTRIBUTED ON-LINE ORDER/DISSEMINATION UTILISATION NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC-GOOD COMMERCIAL EO POLICIES – MAJOR ISSUES OWNERSHIP OF SATELLITES? GOVERNMENT MULTI-LATERAL COMMERCIAL IMAGING CONTROL

8. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com “SOVEREIGNITY” - UN PRINCIPLES KNOWING WHERE (HIGHRES) IMAGING IS HAPPENING KNOWING WHO IS USING THOSE (HIGHRES) IMAGES “RIGHT OF SENSED ENTITY” - OPERATORS MAY BE REQUIRED TO SHARE SENSING AND USER INFORMATION “SHARE” IMAGES WITH SENSED STATE INFORMATION ON IMAGING, SALE, USERS ETC MAY BE INEVTIABLE – ESPECIALLY CONSIDERING THE PRESENT SITUATIONS “RIGHT TO INFORMATION” ISSUE (HAVING REGARD TO DOMESTIC LAWS ) SOCIETY OR INDIVIDUALS “SHUTTER CONTROL” – ALMOST A NON-ISSUE ON NATION-CONTROL SYSTEMS NOT ON FOREIGN IMAGING SYSTEMS “NATIONAL REGULATIONS” FOR USE-CONTROL EO POLICY – “RIGHTS” ISSUES …

9. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com GI POLICY – IMPORTANT ISSUES GI IS NOW OVER-ARCHING IMAGING, POSITIONING AND GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES/APPLICATIONS “PUBLIC GOOD” VALUE OF GI IS HIGHLY RECOGNIZED BY NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND MULTI-LATERAL AGENCIES “MARKET GOOD” VALUE BEING INCREASINGLY RECOGNISED BY ENTERPRISES AND SOCIETIES GI AVAILABILITY/ACCESS/SHARING ARE STILL BEING “GRAPPLED” WITH – NATIONAL- AND GLOBAL-LEVEL “NATIONAL SECURITY/PROTECTION” OF GI IS IMPORTANT – INTELLIGENCE, DEFENCE AND “RIGHT-USE” CRITICAL ISSUES – GI DATA PROTECTION, GI CONFIDENTIALITY/DATA PRIVACY, GI LICENSING, GI CONSUMER PROTECTION, GI PRODUCT AND SERVICES LIABILITY, IPR / COPYRIGHT RIGHTS, CENSORSHIP …. OVERARCHING GI POLICY FRAMEWORK RECOGNISED

10. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com THE USE(R) IS THE KEY ISSUE…… (FOR WHAT? WHO? HOW? …..) ISOLATE THE USE – RIGHT-USE(R) AND WRONG-USE(R) ENABLE AND CONTROL DENIAL IS NOT THE SOLUTION THERE ARE TOO MANY SOURCES FOR ACCESS MANY SOURCES NOT IN NATIONAL-CONTROL WHEN GI AVAILABLE EASILY ELSEWHERE (OUTSIDE NATION) SECURITY-PERCEPTION CHANGES GOOD REGULATION AND TECHNOLOGY USE CAN BE BEST SOLUTION ISOLATE MIS-USE TECHNOLOGIES TO TRACK/MONITOR/DETECT LOOK AT THREAT “DIFFERENTLY” 10

11. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com NATIONAL IMAGING POLICY NATIONAL MAP POLICY AERIAL SURVEY GUIDELINE ESTABLISH ENABLING PROCESS FOR GI ACTIVITIES (DOs AND DONTs) STRONG IMPLEMENTATI ON MECHANISM RIGHT-USE AND VALID USE SUPPORT TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL GI POLICY WEB/PRINT/SHARI NG ACCESS POLICY INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE FOR EO, POS, GI COORDINATION/ SHARING EXAMPLE …….. DEFINING INDIAN EO, POS AND GI POLICY SURVEY GUIDELINES TAXATION ISSUES FOR GI INDUSTRY REVIEW/UPDATE (FREQUENTLY), INTEGRATE AND OVER-ARCH COPYRIGH T/ IPR ISSUES 11

12. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com how to ensure that decision/governance process is supported by a comprehensive, easy-to-use EO/POS/GI Decision Support System that brings scientific, participatory and quality into decisions, planning and development of every nation how to ensure that EO and GIS-Ready data are always easily available and maintained/updated – by adding that critical capability differentiator over the images and maps that have already been invested in how can each nation maintain a best-level of national capability in this important technology area and leverage itself to also be in the fore-front of benefitting from EO, POS and GI technology ….. INTERNATIONAL DEBATE - A HOLISTIC POLICY-TEMPLATE “NEWSPACE” ACTION: CREATE A EO POLICY TEMPLATE + POS POLICY TEMPLATE + GIS POLICY TEMPLATE STRONG INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION REGIME

13. This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.mukund.k.rao@gmail.com Thank you