2. “SIS 09 - Integrated Methods and Models for Assessing Coastal Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Pacific Countries” Presenter: Roshni Lata (Research Assistant) Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development University of the South Pacific FIJI

3. Introduction 4 3 Project site areas l Aitutaki, Cook Islands l Natadola, Viti Levu, FIJI l Navua, Viti Levu, FIJI NDMO estimated a damage cost of $FJ850 million from the year 1982-2002 for Fiji due to disasters

4. “Vulnerability of a Coastal Township to Flooding Associated with Extreme Rainfall Events In Fiji” By: M. Mataki, K. Koshy, R. Lata and L. Ralogaivau Findings of this paper on vulnerability to flooding is through community survey (2003 and 2004), academic papers, rainfall data analysis and through the insight of the the recent flash flood

5. Purpose 4 To characterise the vulnerability of the Navua community to flooding 4 To understand the non-climatic (human induced) factors that contribute to flooding

6. Introduction 4 Viti Levu, Fiji 4 Total land area of 10, 388 square km

7. Introduction - Navua 4 Majority of the population reside around the “central business district” 4 The current population is estimated to be ~ 7000. 4 About 30% of the population within the project site has some form of paid employment (2003) 4 Navua Landuse

8. Navua River 4 It is the fourth largest river in Viti Levu 4 The rivers length running along the site is about 5.81km 4 It acts as the major reserve for water and sediment runoff from the upper catchment 4 Dredging was carried out in 1982 and 1992

9. Flooding 4 Ration within the project site area incurred a bill of $112, 803 4 Damages to homes was estimated to be around $190, 000 within the site 4 Intensive damage to agriculture, infrastructure and human health Source: Fiji Red Cross Society

10. Flooding 4 Flooding was exacerbated by the clogged irrigation channels, dysfunctional flood gates and the accumulation of sediments in the Navua River 4 Human health suffering especially increase in water-borne diseases were observed Source: Fiji Red Cross Society

11. Factors contributing to vulnerability towards Flooding 4 Non-climatic –Socio-economic –Logging operation, aggregate mining and haphazard farming practices –Political Indifference 4 Climatic –Prolonged and intense rainfall can increase the potential of flooding

12. Data Source and Analysis 4 Data obtained is from FMS –Climatological rainfall normal (1961-1990) –Period (1960 –2003) –daily rainfall data –Single FMS station (Tamanoa)

13. Results and Data Analysis 4 The total climatological annual rainfall normal of Navua is 3500mm.

14. Results and Data Analysis 4 April has the most incidences of rainfall greater than or equal to 100mm, followed by March. 4 The least incidences of rainfall (>100mm) being in the months, June, July and August

15. Results and Data Analysis 4 April and March daily rainfall

16. Results and Data Analysis 4 The return-period of the intense daily rainfall events has reduced from ~5 years to ~3 years

17. Conclusion 4 No increase trends of rainfall in the past 4 decades apart from inter-annual variability in rainfall as a result of El nino and La Nina events respectively. 4 A reduction in the return period of intense rainfall events in months March and April from ~5 years to ~3 years in the recent decade

18. Conclusion 4 Several factors have compounded to an increase in the vulnerability of the Navua community to flooding 4 The government needs to intervene through appropriate policies and actions to reduce the impact of flooding on the livelihood of the Navua community

19. Navua Project Site Source: Fiji Red Cross Society