1. Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation In reference to the Articles of Confederation: The Articles are “a shadow without substance”—George Washington

2. Page 1 Systems of Government System What level has power? Federal System Shared (National and State) Unitary SystemNational Confederate System State Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

3. -As war in the colonies began, the “ new ” nation had to find a way to organize itself -John Dickinson was the primary author of the Articles of Confederation -The A.O.C. established a weak national government, where states had sovereignty -States held elections every year — as a way to avoid abuses of power Page 2 Setting up a Government What the Articles Did -Created a loose alliance of states -This national Congress had the power to: 1. Declare War 2. Raise an Army and Navy 3. Make Treaties Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

4. 4. Borrow Money 5. Establish Post Office 6. Conduct business with Native Americans Page 3 (continued) The Weaknesses of the Articles -The Continental Congress had no power over individuals or state governments -The Articles lacked a court system to handle disputes amongst states -States had one vote in congress, meaning that larger states had less representation in congress than did smaller states -The C.C. had no power to collect taxes, leaving them broke and powerless Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

5. Page 4 The Articles Create Problems -Needed 9 of 13 votes to pass a law (~70%) -Needed 13 of 13 votes to amend the A.O.C. -National laws had to be enforced by states -The national government had a vast debt -States argued over boundaries, currency and trade -Overseas the reputation of the U.S. suffered -Britain still had troops in U.S. territory Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

6. Chapter The Land Ordinance of 1785 -The Land Ordinance of 1785 was passed to help deal with the surveying, sale and settling of the Northwest Territories Page 5 -The Northwest Ordinance (1787) made provisions for governing the new territories Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

7. Chapter The Land Ordinance of 1785 (CONT.) Page 6 -Prior to 1783, settlers merely claimed land in the West -Disputes (often violent) became common amongst settlers -As a result, and to raise money, the United States Congress passed the Land Ordinance of 1785 -It stated: 1.Land would be surveyed and divided into townships 2.Each township would be 6 miles square Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

8. Chapter The Land Ordinance of 1785 (CONT.) Page 7 3. Each township would contain 36 sections 4. Each section would be 1 mile square, containing 640 acres 5. Congress stipulated that land would be sold at auction for a minimum of $1.00 per acre 6. The revenue from the sale of one section in each township would be used to fund the creation of a public school -To attract land speculators, Congress required speculators purchase one whole section, dividing it for sale later Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

9. Chapter Page 8 Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

10. Taylor County

11. Chapter Range and Township -Every “ cell ” (township) in the grid is identified by a township and range -The range number identifies how many cells the property is to the east or west of a starting point or principal meridian Page 9 Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

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13. Chapter -The legal description of range is “ R18E ” -The township (or tier) number identifies how many cells the property is north or south of a starting point or the baseline Page 11 Range and Township -Only northern townships/tiers can exist in Wisconsin as the baseline is the southern boundary of the state -The legal description of township is “ T32N ” Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

14. Chapter -Where range and township/tier intersect creates a “ cell ” or a township -Sections (1 of 36) are arranged in a boustrophedonic manor “ as the cow plows ” -This was done for ease of surveying Page 12 Range and Township (CONT.) Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

15. Chapter Further Division -Each section is divided into quarters (quadrants), classified by the four principal directions (Southwest — SW) -Quarters are ½ mile by ½ mile or 160 acres Page 13 Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

16. Chapter Further Division (CONT.) -Each quarter is divided into quarter- quarter sections, classified by the four principal directions (Southwest — SW) -Quarter-quarters are ¼ mile by 1/4 mile or 40 acres Page 14 Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

17. Chapter Further Division (CONT.) -Each quarter-quarter is divided into half sections, classified by either North or South -Half quarter-quarter sections are ¼ mile by 1/8 mile or 20 acres Page 15 Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation

18. Chapter Legal Description -Descriptions are stated and read from smallest parcel to largest, however best interpreted from largest to smallest (the last descriptor to the first) Page 16 Chapter #9 Creating a Nation NOTES The Articles of Confederation