1. Advanced Strike TACF-05 T45C
PRACTICE TACTICAL FORMATION FLYING

2. ORM Operational Requirements / Limitations Human Factors
Crew Rest / Crew Day / Work Week
R&I
IP Currency (SOP)
Warm Up Eligibility
Previous Flight Incomplete? Determine Graded Items.
Human Factors
Life Stressors / External Factors / Personal Problems
Medical Status (Rest / Nourishment / Hydration)
Hazards and Controls
Routine
Weather
Current Observations and Forecasts
Crosswinds
Fuel Considerations
Mission Specific

3. ADMIN
QOD
NATOPS EP
SOP

4. ADMIN Launch RTB Weather Preflight / Start / Marshal / Taxi T/O / Rdvs
Formation
Transit (Admin Cruise) / (ATC Spread)
RadAlt Usage
RTB
Form
Recovery
Diverts
NOTAM’s

5. Flight Brief Brief Introduce Practice a. QOD (NATOPS / EP / SOP)
b. Position corrections after random maneuvers
c. Comm-out tactical formation signals
d. Wingman deconfliction responsibilities
Introduce
Random tactical formation maneuvering
Comm-out tactical formation maneuvering
Forced cockpit loading
Offensive combat spread
Practice
a. Combat checks
b. Voice communications
c. Formation
d. Defensive Combat spread
e. Check turns
f. Shackle turns / Off Heading Shackle Turns
g. Tactical turns
h. In-Place turns
i. Gunsight tracking exercise
j. Unknown airspeed rendezvous
k. Combat spread responsibilities
l. Situational awareness
m. Lead (if flown)
n. Roll-and-go, full flaps / slats
o. Precautionary approach (if flown)
p. Touch and go landings

6. Tac Admin Fence Checks Initiated by Wing Gunsight Tracking:
G’s and Fuel prior
Speed and Angels Comm
Knock It Off Comm / responsibilities

7. Combat Spread What is it? How to get there
Check your heading, generate an airspeed advantage, and take a 10-15° cut away from the lead.

8. Maintaining Combat Spread
Priorities
1. Bearing Line
Airspeed dependent(may need to account for a 5 kt TAS difference with 1000’ of altitude difference)
2. Abeam distance
3. Altitude

9. Combat Spread Corrections
If Sucked
Wingman needs to accelerate via unload and power addition to reach bearing line.
If Acute
Wingman needs to decelerate. Different techniques available: 1) Climb to decelerate or 2)maintain altitude, take a cut away and then back into lead to slow downrange travel.
If wide or acute,
Wingman needs to fly toward or away as appropriate. Care should be given to add enough airspeed and not to turn too much, as doing so will trade the wingman’s wide or tight for a sucked position.

10. Check Turns Into Away Turn will make you acute.
Multiple techniques to fix position.
Big Picture: Slow your down range travel compared to lead, then fix your altitude and abeam distance.
Away
Turn will make you sucked.
Big Picture: Increase your down range travel compared to the lead (ie. lower your nose and increase your airspeed), then fix your altitude and abeam distance.

11. Cruise Turns
Into
15º AOB until lead disappears under wing for 2-4 seconds, then 45º AOB.
Corrections
Sucked / Acute
Wide / Tight
Away
45º AOB until crossing lead’s 6 at 2k, then 15º AOB.

12. Tactical Turns Into Away Wait until looking down lead’s intakes.
Start a level 14 unit pull to the new heading while maintaining 300 kts.
Adjust timing of turn, amount of pull, and airspeed as necessary to come out of turn in position.
Away
Make adjustments to fix positioning.

13. In-Place Turns Into Away
Make a level 14 unit turn for 180°, maintain 300 kts.
Corrections for sucked / acute start.
Away
Do NOT float the turn when belly up to lead!

14. Shackle Turns
14 unit level turn into lead, putting the original heading on the 45° benchmark (or as appropriate to help fix your position).
Maintain 300 kts keeping altitude separation from lead.
Wait approx 2 sec then pull 14 units back to the original heading. (Corrections for sucked / acute.

15. Off Heading Shackle Turns
Turn to 45° past eventual heading.
If wingman’s turn is less than 45°, delay reversal.
If wingman’s turn is greater than 45°, then reverse upon reaching reversal heading.

16. Cross Turns 17 unit, nibble of buffet pull into lead.
Must maintain 500’ of separation from lead. Overbank to 135deg after flight cross.
Use altitude to gain an airspeed advantage and fix your position.
Corrections for sucked / acute start.

17. Loose Deuce Started with a Tac turn into the wing.
Before it is time for wing to turn, lead will call break turn with the bandit at the wing’s 5 or 7 o’clock high. Wing should make a hard turn into the bandit.
Lead tells wing to reverse and calls out his position.
Use a series of High and Low Yo-Yo’s to remain in position behind the lead, while keeping a good energy package on the aircraft. Report High Cover and Low Cover as appropriate.
Trunk IP will call for a reversal, lead will reverse when wing reports “Roger reverse”.
If at low cover, wing turns with lead and moves to high cover at appropriate time. If at high cover, perform either a displacement roll or a reversal as appropriate.
When trunk IP decides, swap roles.

18. Weapons Envelope

19. Unknown Airspeed Rendezvous
Continue flying good Tacform until Fenced Out (Master Arm off with Gun deselected and the HUD back in the normal mode) and cleared to join by the lead.
When joining, make the rendezvous look like one that you have practiced before. Keep an altitude sanctuary until it is suit cased.
Lead will be setting the power and turning to put the RTB heading on the nose.
The join will be either a running rendezvous, CV rendezvous, or a combination.

20. G-WARM G-Warm Maneuver Lead climbs to be co-altitude with the wing.
Maneuver initiated when lead calls “C/S Accel for G-Warm”. Maneuver executed when wing responds “C/S Two”.
Unload until the VV is 12 degrees nose low.
At 350 KIAS, lead will call “C/S G-Warm Left (or Right)”. Maneuver executed when wing responds with “C/S Two”. Pull 4 G’s for 90 degrees of heading change.
Continue accelerating for 400 KIAS at which time the lead will call “C/S G-Warm Right (or Left)”. Once again, the maneuver is executed when wing responds with “C/S Two”. Make a level 6 G pull back to the original heading.

21. 2 Circle Fight Break Turn Evaluation Bubble / Post
Attack Window / Control Zone
Misaligned Turn Circles:
Target Airspeed KIAS
Let the geometry work for you, then pull for the shot.

22. HIGH AND LOW YO-YO High Yo-Yo (Lag Maneuver) Decreases Closure
Low Yo-Yo (Lead Maneuver)
Increases Closure

23. CZ relation to Guns WEZ
Note that the CZ and the Guns Envelope do not overlap. You cannot employ the gun from the CZ!!
No lead required for tracking shot, however you have a high risk of overshooting if closure is not under control.
Lead required for snapshot (pipper 1-2 plane lengths in front). Allows for quick shot and a lag back to safety of the CZ to maintain offensive position.
Control Zone
Snapshot Envelope
Tracking Envelope

24. Weapons Envelope

25. Control Zone ± 10° at 2000 ft ± 20° at 4500 ft
The goal of the fighter is to arrive in the control zone with range, angles, and closure under control. From there, he can maneuver to shoot the bandit.
Must have controlled entry into CZ with relative fuselage alignment. (No more than 20 degrees of misalignment in the front of the CZ and no more than 45 degrees of misalignment in the aft end)
Simply flying toward or into the CZ is not enough. The offensive fighter must have a controlled entry in the CZ in order to be effective. This means we must have some sort of fuselage allignment upon entering the CZ.

26. FENCE CHECKS Done after the G-Warm. Gunsight in the HUD (RTGS)
Box TACAN
Master Arm ON
Squeeze the trigger
Report “Fenced In”,
along with G’s and fuel.

27. HIGH AND LOW COVER High Cover Low Cover
Defined as stepped up and outside lead’s turn circle.
Low Cover
Defined as stepped down and inside lead’s turn circle. Wing shall at no time pass inside the 500’ bubble!

28. DISPLACEMENT ROLL
A displacement roll is beneficial when the lead’s reversal will put you on the inside of the lead’s turn and you do not have excessive distance to lose, primarily in high cover.
To perform, ease your turn so that you can pick the nose up. With the nose high, canopy roll away from the direction of the new turn to establish yourself on the outside of the new turn circle in high cover.

29. LOOSE DEUCE ROLE SWAP
Lead will tell wing of a malfunction and ask if he can engage.
Wing will engage from the low cover position, if not in position, tell lead to “Stand by” and move to low cover.
When ready to engage, tell lead to level his wings and get his nose up. When lead is clear of your flight path, direct him to turn back towards you and describe both your position and the position of the bandit to him. Define the roles of free and engaged fighter and continue to prosecute the bandit.
Lead will report high cover, when directed by the trunk IP, report your malfunction to the lead and ask him to engage. Follow his directions and move back to high cover.

30. ADMIN CRUISE Different from phase I cruise form
Flown on parade wingline bearing
Distance on bearing is about 3-4 plane lengths

31. ATC SPREAD
ATC Spread is flown while under instrument flight rules. (Usually used during prolonged transit time)
Wingman must maintain position in “Standard ATC Formation” (which dictates no more than 1nm of separation from lead)
Wingman must also match lead’s altitude and may not use variations in altitude to fix position.
ATC spread is not graded and simply a tool to allow the student more time flying on bearing at nm.

32. TTO Who will call a TTO? What situations will the TTO be called?
Safety
Confusion / Misunderstanding
IP Responsibilities
Recognize need for TTO
Explanation / Instruction as necessary
Documentation on ATF
When and how will training resume?

33. ADMIN (card) A/C - ATC C/S - Tactical C/S - Crew
Brief / Walk / Marshal / Takeoff / Land Times
ATC Clearance / IFF
Area
Line / T/O / Abort / RPM
Comm Plan - Tac
Nav Plan
LCLS
Joker / Bingo

34. Conduct Combat Checks Voice Communications Formation
Defensive Combat Spread
Check Turns
Shackle Turns
Off-Heading Shackle Turns
Tactical Turns
In-Place turns
Gunsight tracking exercise
Unknown airspeed rendezvous
Combat Spread responsibilities
Situational awareness
Lead (if flown)
Roll-and-go, full flaps/slats (if done)
Precautionary Approach
Touch-and-go landings
LEAD RESERVES THE RIGHT TO DO ANY TURN AT ANY TIME FOR AREA MANAGEMENT!

35. Emergencies Ground Emergencies Abort Rwy Dep / Gnd Ejection
Radio/ICS failure
Loss of Navaids
Lost Plane / Lost Sight
System Failures
Disorientation
Bird strike/ Midair
SAR procedures
Ejection
Aircrew Coordination
Underrun

36. STANDARD DEBRIEFING FORMAT
The Flight Lead or Pilot-in-Command is responsible for ensuring all flight or crewmembers are thoroughly debriefed on the conduct of the mission utilizing the “S-P-B-E-MS-LL” format outlined below. (Refer to the CTW-1/CTW-2 Expanding Debriefing Guide for specific objectives).
Safety
Planning
Brief
Execution
Mission Success
Lessons Learned

37. Recap
Overall Flow
Questions