1. FORTH/ICE-HT Work Package 2 Potential to produce Methane from extraction By-products Through Anaerobic Digestion FORTH G. Antonopoulou, K. Stamatelatou and G. Lyberatos 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy

2. FORTH/ICE-HT Selection of both feedstocks Characterization of their physicochemical and biochemical parameters Application of pretreatment methods for enhancing the methane potential and their biodegradability - thermal ( 1bar, 121 o C for 60 min ) - alkaline treatment (NaOH) - acid treatment (H 2 SO4) Methane production from rapeseed and sunflower meal Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests on rapeseed and sunflower meal

3. FORTH/ICE-HT Potential to produce Methane from Rapeseed meal 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy

4. FORTH/ICE-HT Methane production from rapeseed meal Characteristicvalue Dry matter (wt%)91.17 Moisture (wt%)8.83 Volatile Solids (wt% dry basis)86.80 Ash (wt% dry basis)13.2 Chemical Oxygen demand (g O 2 /g dry basis)1.437 Total protein (wt% dry basis)6.197 Fat (wt% dry basis)5.48 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy Yield = 423 m 3 CH 4 m 3 CH 4 t rapeseed meal Soluble carbohydrates (wt% dry basis)5.91 Yield m 3 CH 4 / t dry matter463.52 L CH 4 / kgVS534 m 3 biogas / t feedstock577

5. FORTH/ICE-HT Methane production from rapeseed meal Effect of thermal pretreatment 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy  Conditions : 60 min in 120 o C, 1.2atm Without pretreatment423 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Thermal treatment435 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Only 2.8 % increase

6. FORTH/ICE-HT 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy Methane production from rapeseed meal Effect of alkaline pretreatment  Alkaline : 60 min in NaOH (2%w/v)  Thermal alkaline: 60 min in 120 o C, 1.2atm, with NaOH (2%w/v) Without pretreatment423 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Alkaline treatment346 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Thermal alkaline treatment318 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock

7. FORTH/ICE-HT 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy Methane production from rapeseed meal Effect of acid pretreatment  Acid : 60 min in H 2 SO 4 (2%w/v)  Thermal acid: 60 min in 120 o C, 1.2atm, with H 2 SO 4 (2%w/v) Without pretreatment423 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Acid treatment314 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Thermal acid treatment299 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock

8. FORTH/ICE-HT Methane production from rapeseed 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy straws 203 m 3 CH 4 / t straws 273 m 3 biogas / t straws extraction meal 423 m 3 CH 4 / t meal 577 m 3 biogas / t meal

9. FORTH/ICE-HT Potential to produce Methane from Sunflower meal 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy

10. FORTH/ICE-HT Methane production from sunflower meal Characteristicvalue Dry matter (wt%)92.14 Moisture (wt%)7.86 Volatile Solids (wt% dry basis)89.18 Ash (wt% dry basis)10.82 Chemical Oxygen demand (g O 2 /g dry basis)1.3823 Total protein (wt% dry basis)4.99 Fat (wt% dry basis)4.56 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy Yield = 445 m 3 CH 4 m 3 CH 4 t sunflower meal Soluble carbohydrates (wt% dry basis)4.15 Yield m 3 CH 4 / t dry matter483 L CH 4 / kgVS542 m 3 biogas / t feedstock603

11. FORTH/ICE-HT Methane production from sunflower meal Effect of thermal pretreatment 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy  Conditions : 60 min in 120 o C, 1.2atm Without pretreatment445 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Thermal treatment462 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Only 3.8 % increase

12. FORTH/ICE-HT 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy Methane production from sunflower meal Effect of alkaline pretreatment  Alkaline : 60 min in NaOH (2%w/v)  Thermal alkaline: 60 min in 120 o C, 1.2atm, with NaOH (2%w/v) Without pretreatment445 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Alkaline treatment336 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Thermal alkaline treatment335 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock

13. FORTH/ICE-HT 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy Methane production from sunflower meal Effect of acid pretreatment  Acid : 60 min in H 2 SO 4 (2%w/v)  Thermal acid: 60 min in 120 o C, 1.2atm, with H 2 SO 4 (2%w/v) Without pretreatment445 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Acid treatment282 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock Thermal acid treatment355 m 3 CH 4 /t feedstock

14. FORTH/ICE-HT Methane production from sunflower 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy straws 218 m 3 CH 4 / t straws 313 m 3 biogas / t straws extraction meal 445 m 3 CH 4 / t meal 603 m 3 biogas / t meal

15. FORTH/ICE-HT Potential to produce Methane from Olive pulp – (2phase OMW) 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy

16. FORTH/ICE-HT Olive pulp Semi solid residue (Borja et al, 2006) Coming from the two phase extraction of olive oil High humidity Difficult to store, transfer and further process to extract the seed oil Material rich in carbohydrates and organic content (Guillén et al, 1992) Suitable for biofuels production such as hydrogen, methane Characteristicvalue Moisture (%) 71.5 ± 0.4 Total Solids (% w/w)28.4 ± 0.4 Volatile Solids (% w/w)26.2 ± 0.2 Crushed olive stones (% w/w) 1.3823 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy

17. FORTH/ICE-HT Methane production from olive pulp Possible to produce biogas under mesohilic (35  C) and thermophilic (55  C) conditions Continuous operation of bioreactors (CSTR) Working volume 3L Stable operation under Hydraulic Retention Times from 20 d to 10 d (mesophilic) and from 20 to 3d (thermophilic) 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy

18. FORTH/ICE-HT Methane productivity and yield Mesophilic Borja et al. (2004) (solid retention in the bioreactors) Our group HRT (d)4020108.32010 Dilution of olive pulp1:51:4 Organic Loading Rate (gCOD/L/d)0.861.213.454.143.947.88 Methane production rate (L CH 4 /L/d)0.240.470.910.850.691.27 Yield (L methane/gCODadded)0.380.400.350.310.180.16 Yield (L CH 4 /L olive pulp)55.250.8 m 3 biogas t olive pulp 74. 9

19. FORTH/ICE-HT Methane production from olive pulp 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy Thermophilic Our group HRT (d)201053 Dilution of olive pulp1:4 Organic Loading Rate (gCOD/L/d)3.947.8815.7626.27 Methane production rate (L CH 4 /L/d)0.711.221.922.78 Yield (L methane/gCODadded)0.180.150.120.11 Yield (L CH 4 /Lolive pulp)57493833 m 3 biogas t olive pulp 79. 3

20. FORTH/ICE-HT 24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy Thank you !