0. CFB Technology for Biomass Utilization in Heat and Power Generation
5 Jun 2013, Belgrade, Biomass for District Heating Systems in Serbia Vesna Barišić

1. Presentation outline Biomass as Energy Source
Advantages of CFB Technology
Challenges in Biomass Combustion
Advanced Biomass CFB (ABC) Technology
Selected Foster Wheeler References

2. Biomass as Energy Source

3. Growth in Biomass Utilization in Energy Production
Incentives against CO2 emissions promote renewable fuels => biomass
Public institutions subsidize and support biomass projects
Regulatory organisms do not release permits to fire fossil fuels
investors look into biomass
Traditional biomass (wood-based) is costly and unavailable
Agriculture residues are locally/globally available, and more economic
CFB is IDEAL TECHNOLOGY for large scale power
generation for broad range of biomass alone, or co-firing
in larger fossil fired power plants!

4. Advantages of CFB Technology
Fuel flexibility and multi-fuel firing
Simultaneous and/or alternate use of broad range of fuel qualities
Excellent emission performance
DeSOx /DeNOx plants typically not required
High availability & competitive price
Longer boiler life and improved reliability due to low even combustion temperature

5. CFB Technology Offers Wide Fuel Flexibility
Woody Biomass
Bark
Wood Chips
Sawdust
Forest Residues
Willow/Salix
Agricultural Residues
Olive Waste
Straw
Bagasse
Rice Husk
Sunflower
Dried Fruits
etc.
Waste Derived Fuels
Recycled Wood/Paper/
Plastics
Solid Recovered Fuel
Tire Derived Fuel
Sludge
Pulp and Paper Mill
Municipal
Gas
Oil
Petroleum Coke
Coal
Anthracite
Bituminous
Subbituminous
Lignite
Waste Coal
Anthracite Culm
Bituminous Gob
Coal Slurry
Oil Shale
Peat
CFB Technology Opens the Door to Fuel Flexibility and Carbon Neutral Fuels

6. Challenges in Biomass Combustion

7. Compared to Fossil Fuels Biomass Ash Chemistry is More Complex

8. Agglomeration Fouling Corrosion
Challenges Associated with Biomass Combustion are Well Understood - Foster Wheeler Fuel Model -
Agglomeration
Fouling
Corrosion

9. Technical Solutions for Biomass Combustion Advanced Biomass CFB (ABC) Technology
Control of Fouling & Corrosion
Integrated Steam Cooled Solid Separator and Return Leg
Empty pass before conv. HX
- Flue gas temperature
- Wider spacings in width
- Flue gas velocities
Fully recractable sootblowers
Austenitic convection SH&RH
Control of Agglomeration & Fouling
Conservative flue gas velocity
Recirculation gas utilization for temperature control
During Operation: - Fuel quality management
- FW SmartBoiler datalog & Diagnostic tools
Active Bed Material
Normal sand + PC ash
Additives
Step Grid
Final SH & RH as INTREX

10. Selected References

11. Foster Wheeler CFB Reference – 414 units –
Polaniec
Kaukas
Samcheok
Jyväskylä
Igelsta
Fortum Częstochowa

12. 240 MWth, 73 MWe-net, 209 MWDH, 92 kg/s, 90 bar, 540°C
Multifuel CFB for Clean Biomass and Waste (CHP) Igelsta, Söderenergi AB, Södertälje, Sweden
240 MWth, 73 MWe-net, 209 MWDH, 92 kg/s, 90 bar, 540°C
Mix 1
Mix 2
Mix 3
Biomass
[%LHV] 75 30
100
Recycled Wood 70
RDF 25
Moisture
[%ar]
44.3
35.6
50.0
Ash
[%dry]
6.5
4.7
4.0
Nitrogen
0.6
0.8
0.5
Sulfur
0.09
0.08
0.06
Chlorine
[ppmdry]
1200
800
200
LHV
[MJ/kgar]
9.7
11.0
8.3
Total plant efficiency ~110%LHV  90%HHV
Performance
Emissions,
@ 6% O2, dry
NOx
[mg/MJ]
35*
SO2
[mg/m3n] 75 CO
50*
Dust 10
NH3
ppm
TOC
HCl / HF
10 / 1
Cd+Tl / Hg / HMs
0.05 / 0.05 / 0.5
PCDD+F
[ng/m3n]
0.1
Commercial operation: 2009
*only at 100% load with Mix 1, 2, and 3

13. 385 MWth, 125 MWe-net, 110 MWDH, 149 kg/s, 115 bar(a), 550 °C
Large Scale CFB for Clean Biomass (CHP) Kaukas, Kaukaan Voima Oy, Finland
385 MWth, 125 MWe-net, 110 MWDH, 149 kg/s, 115 bar(a), 550 °C
Fuel
Biomass
Peat
Moisture
[%ar] 48 50
Ash
[%dry]
2.5 5
Nitrogen
0.6
1.9
Sulfur
0.05
0.2
LHV
[MJ/kgar]
9.2
8.5
Performance
Biomass
Flue gas Texit
[°C]
149
Boiler efficiency
[%] 91
NOx
[mg/m3n]
150
SO2
200 CO
Dust 20
Commercial operation: 2010

14. Wood Chips 80% + Agro 20% (Straw, Sunflower, Dry Fuits, PKS, ...)
Large Scale CFB for Biomass with 20 wt-% Agro Polaniec, GFD Suez Energia Polska S.A, Poland
World’s Largest Solid Biomass Fired Power Plant
447 MWth, 205 MWe, 127/20 bar(a), 535/535°C
Fuel
Wood Chips 80% + Agro 20% (Straw, Sunflower, Dry Fuits, PKS, ...)
Moisture
[%ar]
35.9
Ash
[%dry]
2.8
Nitrogen
0.25
Sulfur
0.05
Chlorine
[ppmdry]
<396
LHV
[MJ/kgar]
10.5
Performance
Emissions
@ 6% O2, dry
NOx
[mg/m3n]
150
SO2 CO 50
Dust 20
Commercial operation: 2012

15. Co-firing Biomass and Coal

16. Benefits of large scale biomass co-firing in CFB
Smaller investment cost per MWe than in smaller units
Higher plant efficiency than in smaller units
Not dependent on biomass availability
Technical challenges (AFC) reduced in co-firing

17. Medium Size CFB for Cofiring Biomass/Coal (CHP) Fortum, Częstochowa, Poland
182 MWth, 66 MWe, 77.2 kg/s, 111 bar(a), 515°C
Fuel
Coal
Wood Residue
Willow
Mix
% heat in. 75 15 10
Moisture
[%ar]
12.0
45.0
Ash
[%dry]
20.0
1.0
3.0
Nitrogen
2.0
0.2
0.3
Sulfur
0.5
0.0
LHV
[MJ/kgar]
22.5
9.0
7.8
Performance
Emissions
@ 6% O2, dry
NOx
[mg/m3n]
200
SO2
Dust 30
Commercial operation: 2010

18. 455 MWth, 200 MWe, 160/143 kg/s, 164/40.5 bar(a), 560/560°C
Large Scale CFB for Cofiring Peat/Coal and Virgin Biomass (CHP) Jyväskylä, Jyväskylän Energia Oy, Finland
455 MWth, 200 MWe, 160/143 kg/s, 164/40.5 bar(a), 560/560°C
Fuel
Peat
Coal
Forest Residues
Moisture
[%ar]
50.0
9.2
Ash
[%dry]
5.0
14.1
2.0
Nitrogen
1.2
2.3
0.3
Sulfur
0.4
0.0
Chlorine
[ppmdry]
<500
<2000
<200
LHV
[MJ/kgar]
8.3
25.7
7.3
Performance
Peat
Flue gas Texit
[°C] 90
Boiler efficiency
[%]
94.1
NOx
[mg/m3n]
150
SO2
200 CO
Dust 30
Commercial operation: 2010

19. Coal & Biomass Co-Fired Supercritical CFB Project Samcheok 4 x 550 MWe
4 x 550 MWe supercritical OTU – CFB to feed 2 x 1100 MWe turbines
437/356 kg/s, 25.6/5.4 MPa, 603/603 °C
Efficiency 42.4% (net)
Fuel flexibility:
Lignite/Subbituminous coal
Wood Pellets max 5%
KOSPO, Korean Southern Power Co. Ltd
Foster Wheeler scope: Basic design of boiler plant and delivery of hot loop pressure parts etc.
Contract Signed (NTP): June 2011
Commercial operation: 2015

20. Summary
Biomass has an important role in reducing the environmental effects of energy production both in pure biomass plants and in coal and biomass co-combustion
CFB technology is an ideal Technology to be used for large scale power generation with broad range of solid biomass fuels
CFB Technology with pure biomass firing available up to 600 MWe scale and with coal co-firing up to 800 MWe scale