1. Dr. Jo Goodey Programme Manager – Research EUMC SAMPLING MINORITY GROUPS MEETING THE CHALLENGE

2. KEY POINTS EUMC  Current Data Collection and Challenges Pilot Victim Survey  Sample Population  Sampling Procedures  Sampling Considerations  Expectations

3. EUMC – European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia Mandate – provide EC and its MSs with objective, reliable and comparable data on racism, xenophobia and antisemitism in EU Key research areas: racist crime and violence; legislation; employment; education; housing

4. EUMC Data Collection RAXEN (Racism and Xenophobia Information Network) 25 NFPs (National Focal Points) NFPs contracted to collect data in each key research area – feeds into Annual Report and targeted publications; for example:  Policing Racist Crime and Violence (Sep 2005)  Racist Violence in 15 EU Member States (April 2005)

5. Challenges facing EUMC data collection Data collection on & about minorities differs greatly between MSs Ethnic monitoring not allowed in most MSs Data Protection Laws often cited MSs do collect data on nationality Existing data collection often ineffective and is not directly comparable between MSs

6. EU15 2002 reports/records of racist crime/incidents/complaints Eng & Wales 54.370 racist incidents recorded by police (01/02 mid year) Germany 12.933 crimes registered as politically motivated, right-wing Finland 3.367 incidents reported against foreigners/ethnic minorities Sweden 2.260 xenophobic crimes registered Belgium 1.316 reports of racist discrimination France 1.305 racist, xenophobic, anti-Semitic threats/acts reported Austria 465 complaints against individuals re prohibited racist acts Netherlands 242 discriminatory offences recorded Ireland 102 incidents recorded with a racist motive Denmark 68 criminal incidents with a suspected racist motive Spain 66 racist/xenophobic acts recorded - 2001 data Luxembourg 11 complaints of racial discrimination Greece, Italy Portugal NO publicly available official data

7. Responding to Challenges Absence of data collection Unable to fulfil mandate Launch pilot victim survey on ‘Ethnic minorities and foreigners/immigrants’ experiences of criminal victimisation and policing’ Pilot to test sampling and methodology on different minority groups in four MSs, with a view to conducting wider survey across EU

8. Pilot Victim Survey Considerations for Sampling & Methodology Population: How to decide on and identify groups for sampling? Sample Unit: Individuals, households, dwellings? Location: Where will surveys be conducted? Mode of delivery: Pros and cons of face-to-face, CAPI, CATI; Language of delivery. Consider – COST and CREDIBILITY

9. Identifying Sample Populations Identify maximum three ethnic minority and/or foreigner/immigrant groups in each MS for surveying Identify groups considered vulnerable to criminal victimisation, including ‘racially’, ‘ethnically’ or ‘religiously’ motivated crime Identify groups with common marginalised status when compared with majority population Identify groups on basis of available credible (official and unofficial) information

10. Sample Population Ethnic Minority = Both citizens (nationals) and non-citizens (non- nationals) of MSs who consider themselves as having identifiable group characteristics (language, culture, religion etc.) NOT to be confused with ‘national minorities’

11. Sample Population Foreigner/Immigrant = Non-citizens (non-nationals) of MSs, as defined by their nationality, or minority citizens who are commonly labelled so to indicate their ‘otherness’ Someone who resides either permanently or temporarily in MS. NOT non-resident migrant workers or tourists Refugees and asylum seekers can be included

12. Possible Sampling Approaches Various sampling approaches considered, with implications for survey’s application mode: High Density Sampling: Many MSs have no official registers of ethnic minority populations, therefore sample in and around areas with known minority concentrations using ‘best’ available demographic data Focused Enumeration: Screening method - can be applied in high density sampling sites (BCS)

13. Possible Sampling Approaches cont. Name Lists: Identifies ‘foreign’ names from available registers (electoral registers, telephone books) Multiplicity/Network Sampling: Respondent asked to identify people from (typically) rare network Institutional Approach: Institutions approached to help identify ethnic minority and immigrant/foreigner populations

14. Sampling Considerations Adopt multi-stage probability sampling as appropriate to (1) each Member State and (2) each minority group Identify possible transferable methods for future survey Utilise existing survey experience re ‘difficult to sample’ populations

15. Victim Survey Expectations Short Term (Pilot) Test survey sampling/methodology – on minorities Provide preliminary sampling/research results Long Term Provide an alternative source of information to official criminal justice data Identify minority groups prone to victimisation, receiving poor service from police/victim services, high levels of insecurity etc. Possibility for extension to EU25

16. Pilot Survey Roadmap Launch CFT in February 2006 Start survey early summer 2006 Initial findings spring 2007 jo.goodey@eumc.eu.int