1. Biases Associates with Intergroup Conflict Trevor Nollette Cheryl Wunder Lori Girrens Miles Baker

2. Us vs. Them When Groups Don’t Exist - They Form Natural Assumptions Favoritism

3. Us vs. Them Benefits Achieve goals and protect interests Categorization brings understanding to other points of view Downsides Evaluate “Them” more extreme Initial categorization may be wrong

4. Ingroup Bias “We are Better than Them” Ethnocentrism We are Loyal; They are Clannish Leader Favors the Perceived Outgroup

5. Racism & Racial Discrimination “One wonders whether the majority still believes that race discrimination - or more accurately, race discrimination against non-whites - is a problem in our society, or even remembers that it ever was” - Harry Blackmun

6. Urban Institute of Washington D.C. Investigation Age Gender Physical Strength & Size Appearance Education Experience Demeanor Observed Energy Level Openness Articulateness

7. What do the Numbers Say? 476 audits conducted by 10 pairs of testers: 20% Caucasians progressed further than equally qualified African Americans 15% better job offers Caucasian males receive favorable treatment 3x more frequently

8. Other Government Data Agrees 2001: $30M in settlements, including back pay for ~7000 victims of discrimination F/T men earned 24% more than women Caucasians earned 19% more than African Americans

9. Ingroup Bias Denial You can’t say what you could 50 years ago Many people believe prejudice/discrimination are non- existent Who are more likely to perceive it? “I have not seen it” could get you in trouble Blame of failures

10. “They all look alike” People categorize other people of outgroups not as individuals Managerial implications: when we fail to individuate members of other groups, we are more likely to behave in a punitive fashion