1. Racism in Global Context Dr. Kristin Lozanski Dept. of Sociology King’s University College

2. Overview Definition of racism Typologies of racism Typologies in global context Solutions

3. WHAT IS RACISM?

4. Definition “Racism is the generalized and final assigning of value to real or imaginary differences, to the accuser’s benefit and at his victim’s expense, in order to justify the former’s own privileges or aggression” – (Alberto Memmi, 2000 [1982], p.169)

5. EXAMPLES OF RACISM?

6. Public statements about inferiority Overt racism

7. Disguise dislike through acceptable behaviour – “Where are you from?” Polite racism

8. Policies & practices that deliberately exclude minorities Institutionalized racism

9. Unconscious racism Contradiction in values that 1.support racial equality; & 2.resent change to accommodate others Subliminal racism

10. Practices & procedures with the unintended consequence of excluding minorities Systemic racism

11. I would: – marry or accept as a close relative – accept as a close friend – accept as my next-door neighbour – accept in my school or church – accept in my community, but not have contact with – accept as a resident of my country, but not of my community – not accept even as a resident of my country Gauging prejudice: “social distance”

12. “Privilege exists when one group has something of value that is denied to others simply because of the groups they belong to, rather than because of anything they’ve done or failed to do.” (Johnson, 2001:21) Symbolic Material Privilege

13. I can talk with my mouth full and not have people put this down to my color. I am never asked to speak for all the people of my racial group. I can worry about racism without being seen as self-interested or self-seeking. If my day, week or year is going badly, I need not ask of each negative episode or situation whether it had racial overtones. Racial Privilege

14. I can remain oblivious of the language and customs of persons of color who constitute the world's majority without feeling in my culture any penalty for such oblivion. I can assume my colour will not draw additional attention to me when clearing security I can expect to travel to the majority of countries in the world and be treated respectfully Privilege in Global Context

15. RACISM IN GLOBAL CONTEXT Overt Racism

16. Uganda – 1972 Idi Amin – “The Last King of Scotland” – Launched intranational “economic war” Expulsion of 80 000 Asians & seizure of property

17. South Africa – 1948-1994 Apartheid – “the status of being apart”

18. RACISM IN GLOBAL CONTEXT Institutionalized Racism

19. Canada – 1914 Immigration Act, 1908 – Komagata Maru

20. Australia – 2001-2007 “Pacific Solution”

21. RACISM IN GLOBAL CONTEXT Subliminal Racism

22. Canada – 1985- Multiculturalism Act

23. USA – 2001- Security from terrorism – 675 million people on watchlist

24. RACISM IN GLOBAL CONTEXT Systemic Racism

25. Canada - 2010 Changes to Investor & Entrepreneur immigration requirements – $800 000 to $1.6 M – $400 000 to $800 000 Unintentional?

26. SOLUTIONS?

27. “I don’t see skin colour” – Political correctness Colour-blindness = power-evasiveness? Colour-blindness

28. “Model Minority Myth” of Asians Positive Stereotyping

29. Blacks as amazing athletes Positive Stereotyping

30. SOLUTIONS

31. Situating exclusion Complex personhood Intentions vs. Outcomes Context – Historical – Contemporary