0. UNIT 3
IMPERIALISM

1. Chapter 17 SECTION 3 & 4 AMERICA’S NEW ROLE
After the Spanish-American War the debate intensified on whether the U.S. should build and empire as three presidents took different approaches to imperialism

2. Presidents of the United States
George Washington; Federalist (1788)
John Adams; Federalist (1796)
Thomas Jefferson (1800)
James Madison (1808)
James Monroe (1816)
John Quincy Adams (1824)
Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)
Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)
William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)
John Tyler; Whig (1841)
James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)
Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)
Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)
Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)
James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)
Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)
Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)
Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)
Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)
James Garfield; Republican (1880)
#21 - …
Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)
Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)
William McKinley; Republican (1896)
#26 - Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)
#27 - William Howard Taft; Republican (1909)
#28 - Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1913)

3. OBJECTIVES
CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the causes and effects of imperialism.
Objective 3.3: What were the goals of Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” diplomacy?
Objective 3.4: What were the main arguments raised by the anti- imperialists?
THEME: America will look to expand its borders and influence

4. A NEW
FOREIGN POLICY
CHAPTER 17 SECTION 3

5. IMPERIALISM
Under imperialism, stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations.

6. A NEW TRADE ROUTE IS NEEDED
Americans needed a shorter route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
A French company had bought a 25-year concession from Colombia to build a canal across Panama.
A concession is a grant for a piece of land in exchange for a promise to use the land for a specific purpose.
Defeated by yellow fever and mismanagement, the company abandoned the project and offered its remaining rights to the United States for $100 million.

7. THE PANAMA CANAL
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Negotiations with Columbia (which owned Panama) failed. They wanted to hold out until the French contract expired in 1904.
President Roosevelt helped instigate the Panamanian Revolution to overthrow the Colombian government.
The revolution is successful and the US recognizes Panama as an independent nation.
US negotiated Hay-Bunau- Varilla Treaty which gave us the land for the canal.
The way the U.S. received the canal left a legacy of ill will from Latin America
The United States paid Panama $10 million for the strip of land to build the canal
U.S. also paid $250, yearly rental fee.

8. quick access to Atlantic & Pacific military protection of territories
trade & economic value would increase

9. Roosevelt picture at canal
PANAMA CANAL
Roosevelt at the canal in 1906
$400 million to build
Began in 1904 and completed by 1914
Army engineer George Goethals organized the construction.
Dr. Walter Reed found ways to deal with yellow fever
Roosevelt picture at canal

10. Big Stick Diplomacy
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The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine — The United States will act as “an international police power” in the Western Hemisphere
America will intervene to prevent intervention by other powers.
Ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them.
Roosevelt in Latin America — Under Roosevelt, the United States often intervened in Latin America.
Roosevelt in Asia — Roosevelt wanted to preserve an open door to trade with China. He won a Nobel peace prize for negotiating a peace settlement between Russia and Japan.
Absent from Roosevelt’s geopolitical thinking was the concern for interests of less powerful nations
“Speak softly and carry a big stick and you will go far.” Roosevelt used this old African proverb to guide his foreign policy.

11. Big Stick Policy: “Speak softly and carry a big stick”.
Also referred to as “Roosevelt’s Corollary”

12. THE GREAT WHITE FLEET
In 1907, President Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet, part of the United States Navy, on a cruise around the world
This was to demonstrate U.S. naval power to other nations and that the U.S. was no pushover
American citizens clearly saw the advantages of having a powerful navy.
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Roosevelt Corollary

13. DOLLAR DIPLOMACY William Howard Taft
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William Howard Taft
Elected President in 1908
Taft believed in maintaining influence through American investments, not military might.
This policy was called dollar diplomacy. America will give financial aid in return for loyalty.
The United States reached new heights of international power under Roosevelt and Taft.
However, the policies of both Presidents also created enemies in Latin America and a growing international resentment of U.S. intervention.

14. Imperialism through legos

15. A New Foreign Policy-Assessment
Roosevelt’s foreign policy was based on
(A) the threat of military intervention.
(B) the use of American investments.
(C) moral and legalistic standards.
(D) the fear of foreign invasion.
The “dollar” in the phrase “dollar diplomacy” referred to:
(A) bribing foreign diplomats.
(B) American investments in other countries.
(C) being conservative about buying goods from other countries.
(D) spending campaign dollars to influence public opinion.

16. A New Foreign Policy-Assessment
Roosevelt’s foreign policy was based on
(A) the threat of military intervention.
(B) the use of American investments.
(C) moral and legalistic standards.
(D) the fear of foreign invasion.
The “dollar” in the phrase “dollar diplomacy” referred to:
(A) bribing foreign diplomats.
(B) American investments in other countries.
(C) being conservative about buying goods from other countries.
(D) spending campaign dollars to influence public opinion.

17. DEBATING AMERICA’S
NEW ROLE
CHAPTER 17 SECTION 4

18. US goal was always expansion
EXPANSION ARGUMENTS
US goal was always expansion

19. Anti-imperialists arguments
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(1) A political argument: Expansionism was a rejection of our principle of “liberty for all.”
(2) A racial argument: Imperialism was just another form of racism.
(3) An economic argument: Expansion involved too many costs.
Maintaining the armed forces required more taxation, debt, and possibly even compulsory, or required, military service.
In addition, laborers from other countries would compete for jobs with U.S. workers.

20. Debating America’s New Role-Assessment
Which of the following was not an argument against imperialism?
(A) Foreign workers would compete for jobs against U.S. laborers.
(B) Other nations might boycott U.S. goods.
(C) Imperialism is another form of racism.
(D) Imperialism goes against the founding principles of our nation.
Which of the following was not an argument for imperialism?
(A) People with non-Western cultures would enrich and strengthen the United States.
(B) Access to foreign markets would make a stronger U.S. economy.
(C) Imperialism offered a new frontier.
(D) Expansion helped to make the United States Navy stronger.

21. Debating America’s New Role-Assessment
Which of the following was not an argument against imperialism?
(A) Foreign workers would compete for jobs against U.S. laborers.
(B) Other nations might boycott U.S. goods.
(C) Imperialism is another form of racism.
(D) Imperialism goes against the founding principles of our nation.
Which of the following was not an argument for imperialism?
(A) People with non-Western cultures would enrich and strengthen the United States.
(B) Access to foreign markets would make a stronger U.S. economy.
(C) Imperialism offered a new frontier.
(D) Expansion helped to make the United States Navy stronger.