1. The Scottish Example The interlinked approach: training for interpreter-mediated police settings & Ian McKim Isabelle Perez Christine Wilson

2. Scotland as an example NOT an exemplar …. our journey….

5. 1. Accusations of Institutional Racism Surjit Singh Chhokar (1998) 2. Scottish Government’s “mainstreaming of equality + diversity” (1999 +) 3. Legislation MOTIVATING FACTORS

6.  Disability Discrimination Act (1995)  Human Rights Act (1998)  The Immigration and Asylum Act (1999) amended by Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 -> dispersal policy  Race Relations (Amendment) Act (2000): production of a Race Equality Scheme by all public sector bodies LEGISLATION

7. LEADING TO GUIDELINES  Lord Advocate’s Guidelines to Chief Constables on Investigating Racial Crime (April 2002)  Scottish Criminal Justice System: Guidelines for Interpreting (2008)

8. LEADING TO TRAINING + AWARENESS Strathclyde Police Training College  Policing a Multiracial Society Scottish Police College  Interview Advisors Course  Initial Detective (Investigators) Training

9. OUR COMMUNICATION TRIAD

10. 1. MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC 1.VISITORS - tourists - foreign students - business people 2.LONG-ESTABLISHED COMMUNITIES - Bengali, Cantonese, Punjabi, Urdu.. (Polish, Italian)

11. OUR COMMUNICATION TRIAD 3. MORE RECENT “COMMUNITIES” - dispersal policy -> 150+ languages with English - following EU enlargement (esp. Polish…) 4. OTHER INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES - British Sign Language (BSL) - Gaelic (Scottish Gaelic Act 2005) – second official language => (future) demands / rights

12. OUR COMMUNICATION TRIAD TYPES OF POLICE “CUSTOMER” 1.Victim 2.Witness 3.Suspect + “vulnerable witness” “special needs” -> appropriate adult

13. OUR COMMUNICATION TRIAD 2. INTERPRETERS TRAINING - Minimum training through agency -Diploma in Public Service Interpreting (DPSI) -NVQ => BSL - Conference Interpreters (degrees / experience) => re-skilling/ CPD/ conversion... -Heriot-Watt University: specialisation -> MSc (spoken) -> Grad Dip (BSL)

14. OUR COMMUNICATION TRIAD 3. THE POLICE Scottish Police = 8 independent police forces Separate judicial system (NOT SAME as England) - police follow different procedures A reporting agency to the Procurator Fiscal Watchwords = TRUTH + FAIRNESS

16. THE INTERLINKED APPROACH

17. Interactive lectures In-house simulations Interactive seminars 1. procedures 2. field visits 3. applied practice METHODOLOGY

18. Similar modus operandi -> training of police officers + similar mirror impact > interpreting body

19. THE ADVANTAGES -> THE INTERPRETER TRAINING CONTEXT Students BELIEVE it (not just “cosmetic”) Students overcome FEAR FACTOR Students can discuss + challenge Tutors maintain a role (+ learn) Police feed good practice back -> their profession

20. -> THE POLICE TRAINING CONTEXT not just knowledge + awareness of roles police contribution as selves + reflection THE ADVANTAGES

21. -> THE POLICY CONTEXT Links between: training / research institution + police = positive spiral (=> mutual trust e.g. checklist…/access to data) -> further links Scotland: SRIF, TICS, WGIT/COPFS…. SIPR

22. THE POLICE EXPERIENCE

24. CONCLUSIONS: gaps + challenges In Scotland NOT just token + satisfying requirements of Directive (Art. 6) BUT risk of losing ground… WILL THE NEEDS OF JUSTICE CONTINUE TO BE SERVED?