1. The Slave Trade

2. 2 The Atlantic Slave Trade When? 1450 - Spanish & Portuguese start slaving in Africa 1865 - still smuggling slaves until the end of the civil war (technically illegal in 1808)

3. 3 The Atlantic Slave Trade Why? (3 reasons combined) Labor shortage (not enough workers) Ethnocentrism –(feelings of superiority) Greed

4. 4 The Atlantic Slave Trade Where to? 5% 60% 35% 65% 30% 5% Where from?

5. 5 Number of people enslaved 30 million taken from their homes 10 million die during capture phase 10 million die during middle passage 10 million survive to make it over the ocean

6. 6 Phases of the Slave Trade Capture: Tribes often did not have a choice in helping capture neighbors “divide and conquer” Most captured 50-100 miles inland

7. 7 Phases of the Slave Trade West African expectations about slavery: A slave’s child would not be a slave Slaves were not slaves for life

8. 8 Phases of the Slave Trade Capture: Christiansborg Castle, Gold Coast, ca. 1750 Cape Coast Castle, Gold Coast, 1727

9. 9 Phases of the Slave Trade 2. The Middle Passage Journey over the Atlantic Ocean 400-500 people in a boat with little air & much disease

10. 10 Phases of the Slave Trade 2. The Middle Passage - Tight Pack Higher mortality, higher profits

11. 11 Phases of the Slave Trade 2. The Middle Passage - Loose pack Lower mortality, lower profits

12. 12 Phases of the Slave Trade 3. “Seasoning” - Brutal work camps, 4-5 months in Caribbean Meant to train people to be slaves

13. 13 Thinking Question: (Don’t write down – just think!) Given how many people died during the “Capture phase” or on the “Middle passage,” what do you think went on in the minds of the slave catchers and slave traders?

14. 14 Triangle Trade North America The Carribean Africa MolassesRum, weapons Slaves

15. 15 Growth of Slavery Why Africans? Americas are desperate for labor Harder for Africans to run away than Native Americans African strengths - agricultural practices, resistance to diseases

16. 16 Growth of Slavery How did African slaves fight back? Open revolt (rare) Work slowdowns Breaking Tools Poisoning food

17. 17 Thinking Question: (Don’t write down – just think!) While many slaves resisted, not all of them did. What did they have to lose?

18. 18 Growth of Slavery How much did it grow? 1800 - 1 million in slavery 1860 - 4 million (1/3 of Southern population)

19. 19 Growth of Slavery Why? Invented 1793 - made slavery VERY productive 100x faster than by hand More efficient = more $ (so need more slaves) Cotton Gin