1. 9/23 Focus: Important Terms Do Now:
In the late 1700’s, enlightenment and revolutionary ideas spread from Europe and the United States to Latin America.
Important Terms
Nationalism, Creoles
Do Now:
Identify two effects of the French Revolution and Napoleon on Europe?

2. Latin American Revolutions

3. European nations had established colonies in Latin America
Colonies began to rebel in the early 1800’s

4. Influences on Latin American Revolutions
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Enlightenment Ideas
Haiti
Independence movements In
Latin America
Success of American and French Revolutions
Mexico
Miguel
Hidalgo
South America
Nationalism
Simon Bolivar
Jose de San Martin

6. Encomienda System

7. Spread of Revolutionary Ideas
Educated Creoles read works of Enlightenment writers
Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau
Success of American Revolution showed foreign rule could be overthrown
Inspired by ideas of the French Revolution

8. Impact of Nationalism Nationalism?
Feeling of pride or devotion to one's nation
Nationalism often develops when a group is under control of foreign nation

9. Haiti French colony became the first Latin American colony to rebel
Had large sugar plantations worked by African slaves
Mulattoes had few rights

10. Toussaint L’ Overture
lead a successful revolt against French control of Haiti
Self educated, former slave
familiar with enlightenment ideas
Capable military leader
Haitian slaves won their freedom in 1798

11. Toussaint L’ Overture Napoleon had sent French troops to retake Haiti
French attempts to retake Haiti failed
Toussaint was captured and sent back to France
Died in a prison in the Alps
Haiti becomes first independent Latin American nation
Jan 1804
Became a republic in 1820
Inspired other Latin American colonies to rebel

12. Closure
What role did Toussaint L’ Overture in encouraging revolutions in Latin America?

13. 9/24 Focus: Important Terms Do Now:
Latin Leaders such as Toussaint L’ Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, and Jose de San Martin led popular movements to overthrow European rule.
Important Terms
Liberation
Do Now:
Which social class in the Spanish class system was most familiar with enlightenment ideas?

15. Miguel Hidalgo Mexican priest
Began a 11 year revolution against Spanish rule in Mexico in 1810
Hidalgo defeated in 1811
Jose Morelos and others continue the fight
Mexico gains independence in 1821
“My friends and countrymen neither the king nor tributes exist for us any longer. We have borne this shameful tax, which only suits slaves, for three centuries as a sign of tyranny and servitude: [a] terrible stain which we shall know how to wash away with our efforts. The moment of our freedom has arrived, the hour of our liberty has struck; and if you recognized its great value, you will help me defend it from the ambitious grasp of the tyrants.

16. Creoles Call for Independence
Napoleon conquered Spain and made his brother King (1808)
Creoles in Latin American colonies refused to support non-Spanish ruler
Enlightenment idea?
Consent of the Governed- John Locke
Revolutions broke out in several Spanish colonies in Latin America (1810)

17. Simon Bolivar Educated creole
Inspired by enlightenment and American and French Revolutions
Led independence movements against Spanish rule in South America
Nicknamed the “liberator”

18. Simon Bolivar Led military campaign that won independence for:
Venezuela
Columbia
Ecuador
Peru
Bolivia

19. Jose de San Martin Joined forces with Bolivar
Defeated Spanish in Argentina and Chile

20. Formation of New Nations
Bolivar was unsuccessful in creating a united Latin American state
Gran Columbia
Former Spanish colonies divided into separate independent states

22. Closure
Why did revolutionary leaders in Latin America feel that they were justified in rebelling against foreign rule?