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Democratization and Slavery Abolition, “Corruption” & the Slave Power Conspiracy
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Frederick Law Olmstead 1.Cavaliers leisurely, graceful 2.Cultivated South & North Music of Stephen Foster
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Reality 1.“Yeomen” farmers 2.Society organized to perpetuate slavery curfews patrols militarization violence
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Statistics 1.1860: 12M southerners 8M whites 4M slaves (1/2M free blacks) 2.Unequal distribution upper South La. & Miss. S.C.
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I. Slavery and Southern Society Profits Politics Preaching
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A. Profits of slavery 1.Industrialization & slavery 2. economic hierarchy 10%, 20+ 90%, -20 ¾ = no slaves at all
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B. “Corruption” of politics 1.Defensive mentality Denmark Vesey, 1822 lay AME preacher Nat Turner, 1831 blamed on abolitionists John Brown’s Raid, 1859
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2. Expansion Texas, Mexico, Great Plains illegal, aggressive, immoral Cuba, South America
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3. Subversion of civil liberties Gag Rule, 1835-46 (1 st Amendment) Federal mail vigilantism 4. Fugitive Slave Act, 1850
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Slave Power Conspiracy Control over federal government Systematic violation of civil liberties Wars to expand slavery
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C. Christianity and slavery 1. 2 nd Great Awakening, 1830s – 50s redemption of the individual - not appreciated in the South
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2. Slavery as anti-virtue destroyed family exploitation of women corruption of parenthood
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III. Rise of Abolitionism Underlying causes Precipitating causes Inflames pre-existing passions
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A. Underlying cause 1.Horizontal society - threat to Free Labor, Free Soil ideologies 2. Mass politicization - opposition to Slave Power
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B. Evolution of American Protestantism 1.Liberal Protestantism (Quakers, Unitarians, Transcendentalists) - downplayed “sin” - freedom of conscience, personal Truth
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2. Evangelical Protestantism (Congregationalists, Methodists, Baptists) - reform Man, reform institutions - literal truth of Bible (fundamentalism) - emphasis on morality William Lloyd Garrison Liberal & Evangelical Protestantism grow in 2 nd Great Awakening
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C. Tactics of abolition 1.Never a majority - often mistrusted “radicals” 2.Civil disobedience H.D. Thoreau Underground RR
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3. Empathy Sojourner Truth, “Ain’t I a woman?”, 1851 1852, Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe 4. Black voices Frederick Douglass David Walker Sojourner Truth Harriet Tubman
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D. Did abolition work? Yes and No… - did not convince majority of Northerners to end slavery by legislation - polarized public opinion on slavery compromise increasingly unlikely
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