1. Discontent and Unrest over Slavery Chapters 10.1 – 10.2

2. Differences between the North and South The North continued to industrialize quickly The North continued to industrialize quickly Small towns (like Chicago) grew into cities quickly due to the massive amounts of goods and people traveling by railroad Small towns (like Chicago) grew into cities quickly due to the massive amounts of goods and people traveling by railroad Many immigrants began to work in northern factories Many immigrants began to work in northern factories The South however, remained mostly rural The South however, remained mostly rural Southerners mostly used rivers for transportation Southerners mostly used rivers for transportation Few immigrants settled in the south Few immigrants settled in the south The conflict over slavery continued to rattle Southern society The conflict over slavery continued to rattle Southern society

3. Slavery in the Territories The Wilmot Proviso divided Congress along regional lines The Wilmot Proviso divided Congress along regional lines Southerners feared if the Proviso became law, it would shift representational power permanently to the North Southerners feared if the Proviso became law, it would shift representational power permanently to the North 1850, California applied for statehood as a “Free State” 1850, California applied for statehood as a “Free State” Zachary Taylor believed Zachary Taylor believed it best if each state decided for itself whether or not it wanted to be a free or slave state Some Southerners began Some Southerners began to question whether the South should remain in the Union

4. The Senate Debates The 31st Congress in December 1849 was surrounded by heated debates between Northern and Southern ideals The 31st Congress in December 1849 was surrounded by heated debates between Northern and Southern ideals Many Southerners began to threaten secession Many Southerners began to threaten secession Henry Clay worked tirelessly to compose the Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay worked tirelessly to compose the Compromise of 1850 The Compromise also allowed residents of New Mexico and Utah to have popular sovereignty when applying for statehood The Compromise also allowed residents of New Mexico and Utah to have popular sovereignty when applying for statehood Long time rivals Clay and Daniel Webster were even able to come together to support the Compromise of 1850 Long time rivals Clay and Daniel Webster were even able to come together to support the Compromise of 1850

6. The Compromise is Adopted Senate rejected the Compromise in July Senate rejected the Compromise in July Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois picked up the pro-compromise reins Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois picked up the pro-compromise reins July 9, 1850 – Zachary Taylor dies and Millard Fillmore takes over as president July 9, 1850 – Zachary Taylor dies and Millard Fillmore takes over as president President Fillmore called the compromise the “final settlement” of the question of slavery and sectional differences President Fillmore called the compromise the “final settlement” of the question of slavery and sectional differences

7. Fugitive Slaves Anti-slavery calls in the North grew rapidly after the passing of the Fugitive Slave Act Anti-slavery calls in the North grew rapidly after the passing of the Fugitive Slave Act Anyone convicted of helping a fugitive slave was subject to a $1,000 fine and 6 months in jail Anyone convicted of helping a fugitive slave was subject to a $1,000 fine and 6 months in jail “The colored men’s rights are less than those of a jackass. No man can take away a jackass without submitting the matter to twelve men in any part of this country. A black man can be carried away without any reference to a jury. It is only necessary to claim him, and that some villain should swear to his identity. There is more protection there for a horse, for a donkey, or anything, rather than a colored man” – Frederick Douglass “The colored men’s rights are less than those of a jackass. No man can take away a jackass without submitting the matter to twelve men in any part of this country. A black man can be carried away without any reference to a jury. It is only necessary to claim him, and that some villain should swear to his identity. There is more protection there for a horse, for a donkey, or anything, rather than a colored man” – Frederick Douglass Nine Northern states passed personal liberty laws Nine Northern states passed personal liberty laws Southern slave owners were infuriated by the North’s resistance Southern slave owners were infuriated by the North’s resistance

8. Fugitive Slave Images

9. As time went on, African Americans and white abolitionists became known as the Underground Railroad As time went on, African Americans and white abolitionists became known as the Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman became one of the most famous conductors Harriet Tubman became one of the most famous conductors The Underground Railroad escape route was extremely dangerous despite help from conductors The Underground Railroad escape route was extremely dangerous despite help from conductors Once fugitive slaves reached the North, a major decision had to be made Once fugitive slaves reached the North, a major decision had to be made The Underground Railroad

11. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852, abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852, abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin Delivered the message that slavery was a great moral struggle Delivered the message that slavery was a great moral struggle Northerners increased their protests to the Fugitive Slave Act – Southerners criticized the book as an attack on the South as a whole Northerners increased their protests to the Fugitive Slave Act – Southerners criticized the book as an attack on the South as a whole

12. Tension in Kansas and Nebraska 1854, Stephen Douglas developed a proposal to divide the huge territory west of Iowa and Missouri into two territories – Kansas and Nebraska 1854, Stephen Douglas developed a proposal to divide the huge territory west of Iowa and Missouri into two territories – Kansas and Nebraska Douglas failed to comprehend how strongly opposed to slavery most Northerners had become Douglas failed to comprehend how strongly opposed to slavery most Northerners had become January 23, 1854, Douglas officially proposed his Kansas-Nebraska Act January 23, 1854, Douglas officially proposed his Kansas-Nebraska Act 90-percent of Southern congressmen voted for the bill 90-percent of Southern congressmen voted for the bill

13. Violence Erupts in “Bleeding Kansas” By March 1855, Kansas has enough settlers to hold an election for a territorial legislature By March 1855, Kansas has enough settlers to hold an election for a territorial legislature Thousands of “border ruffians” from Missouri crossed into Kansas and voted illegally Thousands of “border ruffians” from Missouri crossed into Kansas and voted illegally Anti-slavery proponents quickly set up a rival government in Topeka Anti-slavery proponents quickly set up a rival government in Topeka May 21, 1856 – “The Sack of Lawrence” occurs in the antislavery town May 21, 1856 – “The Sack of Lawrence” occurs in the antislavery town May 24th, John Brown retaliated with the “Pottawatomie Massacre” May 24th, John Brown retaliated with the “Pottawatomie Massacre” The entire territory quickly became known as Bleeding Kansas The entire territory quickly became known as Bleeding Kansas

14. Violence in the Senate May 19, Mass. Senator Charles Sumner delivered his “Crime Against Kansas” speech May 19, Mass. Senator Charles Sumner delivered his “Crime Against Kansas” speech May 22, Congressman Preston S. Brooks attacked Sumner May 22, Congressman Preston S. Brooks attacked Sumner Southerners showered Brooks with applause and even new canes Southerners showered Brooks with applause and even new canes As the two sections grew further apart, the old national parties were town apart, and new political parties began to emerge As the two sections grew further apart, the old national parties were town apart, and new political parties began to emerge