1. The Tragic Evolution of Slavery 1620-1740

36. First Arrivals 20 “Negars” arrive in Jamestown and are sold to John Rolfe as a means of labor. 20 “Negars” arrive in Jamestown and are sold to John Rolfe as a means of labor. Initially worked side by side with indentured servants Initially worked side by side with indentured servants Initially allowed to work and support themselves with side jobs that many used to purchase their freedom. Initially allowed to work and support themselves with side jobs that many used to purchase their freedom.

39. Freed Slaves and Africans Could purchase land Could purchase land Lived in separate communities Lived in separate communities Could sue, own land, possessed personal freedom, and were NOT subject to immediate inferiority. Could sue, own land, possessed personal freedom, and were NOT subject to immediate inferiority.

40. Slavery in the North 1638: New Amsterdam 30% slave. By 1644 it was only 15%. By 1644 it was less than 5%. 1638: New Amsterdam 30% slave. By 1644 it was only 15%. By 1644 it was less than 5%. Why? Why? Usually “house slaves”, not field slaves. Usually “house slaves”, not field slaves. By 1700 the middle colonies population was only 3% By 1700 the middle colonies population was only 3%

41. Slave explosion: Virginia 20,000 in 1700  400,000 in 1770. 20,000 in 1700  400,000 in 1770. 25%  45% 25%  45% Slave imports increase six fold in the 18 th century. Slave imports increase six fold in the 18 th century. 96% of slaves imported to the South 96% of slaves imported to the South Growth in Virginia: 1 in 20: 1660. 1700 it was 1 in 4! Growth in Virginia: 1 in 20: 1660. 1700 it was 1 in 4!

42. Slavery across the Colonies Slave Imports Slave Imports Estimated Imports 1451-1600275,000 1601-17001,341,000 1701-18106,700,000 1811-18701,900,000

43. Slavery in South Carolina YearBlack Population (Thousands)White Population (Thousands) 17003,000 (50%) 17108,000 (72%)3,000 (28%) 172012,000 (80%)3,000 (20%) 173020,000 (67%)10,000 (33%) 174040,000 (71%)16,000 (29%)

44. Slave Women I consider the labor of a breeding slave woman as no object, that a slave child raised every 2 years is of more profit than the crop of the best laboring slave man.” Thomas Jefferson 1734 I consider the labor of a breeding slave woman as no object, that a slave child raised every 2 years is of more profit than the crop of the best laboring slave man.” Thomas Jefferson 1734 Sally Hemmings Sally Hemmings

45. Middle Passage 10-20% died on the voyage. 10-20% died on the voyage. 1/10 ships experienced significant rebellions 1/10 ships experienced significant rebellions Awful conditions Awful conditions

51. Evolution of Race 18 th century slaves found a much different culture than their 17 th century counterparts. 18 th century slaves found a much different culture than their 17 th century counterparts. Gone were: freedom, chance to work independently, the chance to purchase freedom, and the political rights they had. Gone were: freedom, chance to work independently, the chance to purchase freedom, and the political rights they had. Bacon’s rebellion had seen rich and poor collide in the 1670’s, the early 1700’s saw them seem to unite against slaves. Bacon’s rebellion had seen rich and poor collide in the 1670’s, the early 1700’s saw them seem to unite against slaves.

55. Va. Slave Code "All servants imported and brought into the Country...who were not Christians in their native Country...shall be accounted and be slaves. All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this dominion...shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resist his master...correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the master shall be free of all punishment...as if such accident never happened." "All servants imported and brought into the Country...who were not Christians in their native Country...shall be accounted and be slaves. All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this dominion...shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resist his master...correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the master shall be free of all punishment...as if such accident never happened."

57. Stono’s Rebellion The deadliest revolt in Colonial America takes place in Stono, SC. Armed slaves start marching to Florida and towards freedom, but the insurrection is put down and at least 20 whites and more than 40 blacks are killed. The deadliest revolt in Colonial America takes place in Stono, SC. Armed slaves start marching to Florida and towards freedom, but the insurrection is put down and at least 20 whites and more than 40 blacks are killed.