2. QUICK HISTORY Portugal – 1 st in slave trade Sugar plantations need lots of labor Cash crops are usually labor intensive! By 18 th Century, 9/10 slaves are working on plantations.

3. Europeans still going to Africa for gold Also looking for black gold. What does that mean?

4. Coffles

5. * Some ate clay * Slaves were marched from the interior of Africa to Port Cities (2 months)

6. BARRACCONS —n—n (formerly) a temporary place of confinement for slaves or convicts, esp those awaiting transportation [C19: from Spanish barracón, from barracahut, from Catalan

7. * Slaves were branded at this time

8.  Chains  2-3 week wait before ship is full  Confined below deck Suicide and uprisings most likely at this time Hot coals used to burn lips. Why? Women raped and sent below the deck again

9. ArrayArray  Ship captains would try to get slaves with different cultures and languages  ½ year away from home to new “residence”  Climate  Food  Everything

10. SURVIVING THE MIDDLE PASSAGE 10% – 20% dies crossing the Atlantic Ocean

11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nePOpkYwjY&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

12. First African slaves in America brought to Jamestown in 1619 Slavery institutionalized in many states by 1640 Slaves became “chattel” property

13.  "... each of them are natives of Africa and were born free, and ever since have been and still of right are and ought to be free and not slaves..."  S. Staples, R. Baldwin, and T. Sedgewick, Proctors for the Amistad Africans, January 7, 1840

14. * We are more alike than different. No human is more human than another. * Maya Angelou