1. Enzymes

2. What are Enzymes?  Enzymes are proteins.  An enzyme is a catalyst. They speed up reactions that take place in your body.  Enzymes are proteins.  An enzyme is a catalyst. They speed up reactions that take place in your body.

3. What are Enzymes?  Enzymes are very specific.  Will only catalyze one specific reaction.  Usually named for the reaction they catalyze.  They are reusable and not permanently changed.  Enzymes are very specific.  Will only catalyze one specific reaction.  Usually named for the reaction they catalyze.  They are reusable and not permanently changed.

4. How Do Enzymes Work?  Catalysts work by lowering the activation energy (the energy needed to start a chemical reaction) of the reaction=huge effect on the time it takes a reaction to happen!

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6. 6 Free Energy Progress of the reaction Reactants Products Free energy of activation Without Enzyme With Enzyme Enzymes lower the activation energy!

7. The Enzyme-Substrate Complex  Substrate: The substance (reactant) an enzyme works on. Enzyme Substrate Joins

8. The Enzyme-Substrate Complex  ACTIVE SITE: The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds to it. Enzyme Substrate Active Site

10. They fit together like puzzle pieces!

11. Video http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapte r2/animation__how_enzymes_work.html

12. The Enzyme-Substrate Complex  How does it work? 1. Substrates come in close physical contact at the active site. 2. Substrates bind together and are made into products. 3. The products are released and the cycle starts over.  How does it work? 1. Substrates come in close physical contact at the active site. 2. Substrates bind together and are made into products. 3. The products are released and the cycle starts over.

14. http://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=CZD5xsOKres

15. How Enzymes are Named  All enzymes end in –ASE!!  The enzyme often sounds like the substrate it breaks down.  All enzymes end in –ASE!!  The enzyme often sounds like the substrate it breaks down. SUBSTRATEENZYME Lactose Maltose Sucrose Lipids Cellulose PolysaccharidesAmylase Sucrase Maltase Lactase Cellulase Lipase

16. Things that Regulate Enzymes  Temperature  High temperatures can change the structure of it.  pH  Extremely high or low pH values can make it not work.  Temperature  High temperatures can change the structure of it.  pH  Extremely high or low pH values can make it not work.

17. Review-Write these on the back of your notes. 1.Enzymes are a.Lipids b.Carbohydrates c.Proteins d.Nucleic Acids 2.Which binds to the active site of an enzyme? a.water b.product c.another enzyme d.substrate

18. Review (cont.) 3.An enzyme can only bind one reactant (substrate) at a time. a.True b.False 4.An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell, but can only be used once. a.True b.False

19. Review (cont.) 5.Which substrate would this enzyme work on?

20. Review (cont.) 6.Catalysts a.slow down a reaction. b.make enzymes. c.speed up a reaction. d.are nucleic acids. 7.What’s another name for enzyme substrate complex? a.Fast and slow b.Lock and key c.Reactant and product d.Apple and pear

21. Review (cont.) 8.Label: Active Site Enzyme Substrate

22. Review (cont.) 9.What happens in a chemical reaction after the substrate binds to the enzyme at the active site? a.The formation of a new product. b.The formation of another enzyme. c.Nothing happens. d.The enzyme is damaged.