1. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Matter and Change
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

2. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
What is Matter?
Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space.
Mass- measure of the amount of matter
NOT Weight – it is due to gravity, and changes from location to location; mass is always constant.
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

3. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Properties
Physical Properties- a property that can be observed and measured without changing the composition.
Examples- color, hardness, m.p., b.p.
Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material.
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

4. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Physical Change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance.
Example:
Phase Changes
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

5. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Phase Differences
Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions.
Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions
Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another
Plasma – high temperature, ionized phase of matter as found on the sun.
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

6. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Three Phases
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

7. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Copper Phases - Solid
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

8. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Copper Phases - Liquid
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

9. Copper Phases – Vapor (gas)
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

10. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
States of Matter
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
Temp. increase
Com-pressible?
Small Expans.
Solid
YES
YES NO
Small Expans.
Liquid NO NO
YES
Large Expans.
Gas NO NO
YES
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

11. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Condense
Freeze
Melt
Evaporate
SUBLIMATION
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

12. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Chemical Change
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.
Heat and light are often evidence of a chemical change.
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

13. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Types of Matter
Substance- pure matter that is uniform (all the same) and has a definite composition (examples are elements & compounds)
Mixture- more than one kind of matter; has a variable composition
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

14. Classification of Matter
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

15. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Mixtures
Physical blend of at least two substances; variable composition
Heterogeneous- mixture is not uniform in composition
Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil.
Homogeneous- same composition throughout; called “solutions”
Kool-aid, air, salt water
Every part keeps it’s own properties.
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

16. Separation of a Heterogeneous Mixture
The constituents of the mixture retain their identity and may be separated by physical means.
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

17. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Solutions
Homogeneous mixture
Mixed molecule by molecule
Can occur between any state of matter
gas in gas; liquid in gas; gas in liquid; solid in liquid; solid in solid (alloys), etc.
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

18. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Solutions
Like all mixtures, they keep the properties of the components.
Some can be separated easily by physical means: rocks and marbles, iron filings and sulfur
Other methods: distillation- takes advantage of different boiling points
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

19. Separation of a Homogeneous Mixture
Distillation
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

20. Classification of Matter
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

21. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Atom
The smallest unit of an element that maintains
the properties of that element
Element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

22. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Compound
A substance that is made from the atoms of two or
more elements that are chemically bonded.
Sucrose – C12H22O11
Sucrose is also known as table sugar, and is used to make Gummy Bears!
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

23. Separation of a Compound The Electrolysis of water
Compounds must be separated by chemical means.
With the application of electricity, water can be separated into its elements
Reactant  Products
Water  Hydrogen + Oxygen
H2O  H O2
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS

24. Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS - 2010
Compound or Mixture
Compound
Mixture
Made of one kind
of material
Made of more than
one kind of material
Made by a
chemical change
physical change
Definite
composition
Variable
Mrs. Harvey - Chemistry - GHS