1. Robert Tekniepe Clark County Department of Air Quality and Environmental Management Air Quality Forum November 14, 2006 Clean Diesel Strategies

2. 2 Diesel is the dominant fuel used by the commerical transportation sector It is estimated that 94 percent of all freight in the United States is moved by diesel power Diesel engines are significant contributors to air pollution Exhaust from diesel vehicles contains high levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) a known precursor to Ozone, and fine particulate matter (PM). Overview

3. 3 Methods of Reducing Diesel Emissions New highway diesel fuel sulfur control requirements, or Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) beginning October 15, 2006 Newer diesel fuel engines designed for on-road use beginning in model year 2007 Controlling Emissions from the “Legacy” Fleet –Retrofitting with after-treatment pollution control devices –Repairing existing diesel equipment –Repowering by installing newer cleaner burning engines –Replacing the current diesel equipment with new equipment Anti-idling strategies, e.g., Truck Stop Electrification Bio-Diesel

4. 4 Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Applies to all diesel fuel for on-road use Does not apply to train locomotives, marine, or off-road use Allowable sulfur content for ULSD will be 15 ppm compared to the previous U.S. standard for Low Sulfur diesel (LSD) which is 500 ppm ULSD not only reduces emissions of sulfur compounds, but allows for advanced emission control systems to be fitted that would otherwise be poisoned by these compounds

5. 5 Newer Diesel Fuel Engines On December 21, 2000, the EPA signed emission standards for model year 2007 and later heavy-duty diesel highway engines The PM emission standard takes full effect in the 2007 model year (0.01 g/bhp-hr) The NOx and HC standards will be phased in between 2007 and 2010 (NOx 0.20 g/bhp-hr and HC 0.14 g/bhp-hr) Phase-in is based on percent-of-sales, or 50% from 2007 to 2009, and 100% in 2010

6. 6 Legacy Fleet Because of its durability, diesel equipment can last 20 to 30 years Even after the most stringent emissions standards for new equipment come into effect, it will still take many years before the majority of the diesel fleet meets the new standards. Retrofitting the existing fleet with new technologies has shown to significantly reduce diesel emissions In many cases, Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOCs) and Diesel Particular Traps (DPFs) are the most efficient systems for reducing diesel emissions in older engines

7. 7 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) Consist of a stainless steel canister that contains a honeycomb structure called a substrate The interior surface is coated with catalytic metals that oxidizes the soluble organic fraction of particulate matter, specifically carbon monoxide, gaseous hydrocarbons and the liquid hydrocarbons absorbed on carbon particles The result is carbon dioxide and water

8. 8 Diesel Particular Filters (DPF) Ceramic devices that collect particulate matter in the exhaust system The high temperature of the exhaust heats the ceramic structure and allows the particles inside to break down, or oxidize into less harmful components. Must be used in conjunction with ultra-low sulfur diesel

9. 9 Advanced truck stop electrification systems Eliminates diesel emissions associated with idling during extensive layover periods Provides heating and air conditioning as well as a range of communication and entertainment options to the cab of a parked truck Reduces NOx, VOC, PM and CO emissions by more than 98 percent Anti-Idling Strategies

10. 10 Strategies Currently Being Explored by DAQEM On-Road Heavy Duty Diesel Idle Reduction Program –Advanced Truck Stop Electrification along I-15 corridor (3 truck stops/50 commercial truck parking spaces each) Proposal for CMAQ funding due November 17, 2006 Anticipated project timing: –Installation of first TSE: June, 2008 –Installation of second TSE: December, 2008 –Installation of third TSE: June, 2009 Contingent on funding

11. 11 Strategies Currently Being Explored by DAQEM (con’t) Off-Road Heavy Duty Diesel Retrofit Program –Retrofitting the existing road construction equipment with exhaust after-treatment devices, e.g., DOCs and DPFs Proposal for CMAQ funding due November 17, 2006 Anticipated project timing: –U.S. 95 widening project: 2007 –I-15 north corridor from Spaghetti Bowl to Apex: 2008 –Project Neon: 2009 Contingent on funding

12. 12 Video

13. 13 Robert Tekniepe Clark County Department of Air Quality and Environmental Management 702.455.4063 tekniepe@co.clark.nv.us