1. CHAPTER 3 Cultural Conformity and Adaptation
Sociology
4/14/2017
CHAPTER 3 Cultural Conformity and Adaptation
Section 1: The American Values System
Section 2: Social Control
Section 3: Social Change
Chapter 3

2. Objectives: Section 1: The American Values System
Identify the basic values that form the foundation of American culture.
Describe new values that have developed in the United States since the 1970s.

3. Basic Values of American Culture
Section 1: The American Values System
Basic Values of American Culture
Personal Achievement – built primarily by people that value individual achievement, as in the area of employment
Individualism – success comes through hard work and initiative
Work – Americans view discipline, dedication, and hard work as signs of virtue

4. Basic Values of American Culture
Section 1: The American Values System
Basic Values of American Culture
(continued)
Morality and Humanitarianism – Americans place a high value on morality and tend to view the world in terms of right and wrong; quick to help the unfortunate
Efficiency and Practicality – practical and inventive, every problem has a solution; judge objects on their usefulness and people on their ability to get things done

5. Basic Values of American Culture
Section 1: The American Values System
Basic Values of American Culture
(continued)
Progress and Material Comfort – Americans believe that through hard work and determination living standards will continue to improve
Equality and Democracy – to have human equality, there must be an equality of opportunity; success is a reward that must be earned

6. Basic Values of American Culture
Section 1: The American Values System
Basic Values of American Culture
(continued)
Freedom – freedom of choice such as religion, speech, and press and protect them from government interference

7. Our Changing Values Section 1: The American Values System
Self-fulfillment – the commitment to the full development of one’s personality, talents, and potential; includes leisure, physical fitness and youthfulness
Environmental protection
Education and Religion were deemed important by students who were polled

8. Objectives: Section 2: Social Control
Identify how the norms of society are enforced.
Describe the differences between positive and negative sanctions and between formal and informal sanctions.

9. Enforcing the Norms of Society
Section 2: Social Control
Enforcing the Norms of Society
Internalization – process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual’s personality thus conditioning that individual to conform to society’s expectations
Sanctions – rewards and punishments used to enforce conformity to the norms

10. Different Types of Sanctions
Section 2: Social Control
Different Types of Sanctions
Positive Sanction – action that rewards a particular kind of behavior such as good grades or a pay raise
Negative Sanction – punishment or the threat of punishment to enforce conformity such as frowns, imprisonment, and even death

11. Different Types of Sanctions
Section 2: Social Control
Different Types of Sanctions
(continued)
Formal Sanction – rewards or punishments by a formal organization or regulatory agency such as the government and includes promotions, awards, or low grades
Informal Sanction – spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval by an individual or group such as a standing ovation, gifts, gossip, or ridicule

12. Objectives: Section 3: Social Change
Identify and describe the main sources of social change.
Describe the factors that lead people to resist social change.

13. Main Sources of Social Change
Section 3: Social Change
Main Sources of Social Change
Values and Beliefs – are affected by ideology spread through social movements
Technology – knowledge and tools people use to manipulate their environment
Population – change in size of population may bring about changes in the culture
Diffusion – the process of spreading culture traits from one society to another

14. Main Sources of Social Change
Section 3: Social Change
Main Sources of Social Change
(continued)
Physical Environment – the environment may provide conditions that encourage or discourage cultural change
Wars and Conquest – are not common but bring about the greatest amount of change in the least amount of time

15. Factors Leading to Resisting Social Change
Section 3: Social Change
Factors Leading to Resisting Social Change
Ethnocentrism – can lead to segregation
Cultural Lag – a delay in cultural change such as the introduction and use of computers
Vested Interests – might lead to a focus on maintaining budgets over a focus on providing a quality education and instruction