1. Present and Past Perfect Tenses

2. To express the idea that someone has done something, use the present perfect tense. In English, this looks like “ I have studied” or “he has written.”

3. Use HABER Present Perfect: formed like this: start with one of these forms of HABER: Yo he (I have [done something]) Hemos we have Has you have Ha he/she/you (f) has Han they/all of you have

4. Then add the past participle: Past Participles of Regular Verbs VerbRootEndingMeaning Tomartom-adoTaken Comercom-idoEaten Sufrirsufr-idoSuffered

5. Past Participles ending in ído CaerCaído CreerCreído LeerLeído OírOído ReírReído traertraído

6. Try these! 1.We have studied. ___________________________________ 2.The boys have run. ___________________________________ 3.My sister has eaten. ___________________________________ 4.Her friend has lived in Spain. ___________________________________ 5.Have you learned? ___________________________________

7. Verbs Irregular in the Past Participle VerbParticiple FormMeaning AbrirAbiertoOpened CubrirCubiertoCovered DecirDichoSaid EscribirEscritoWritten HacerHechoDone ImprimirImpresoPrinted MorirMuertoDied PonerPuestoPut ResolverResueltoResolved, solved RomperRotoBroken VerVistoSeen VolverVueltoReturned (Compounds of the above verbs, like descrubrir, deshacer, imponer, devolver are also irregular in the past participle)

8. Past perfect To express the idea that someone had already done something, use the past perfect tense. As we saw with the present perfect, the past participle is used with the various tenses of the verb HABER (to have) to form the compound tenses. Compound tenses simply need more than one verb to make sense: in this case, the MAIN verb and the AUXILIARY (helping) verb. For now, the AUXILIARY verb will be a form of the verb HABER.

9. The past perfect tense is formed by taking the imperfect form of the verb HABER and adding the correct participle. Yo había (I had) Nosotros habíamos (we had) Tú habías (you had) X El/ Ella/ Ud había (he/she/you f had) Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds habían (they/all of you had)

10. So to use this tense, you take the correct form of the AUXILIARY verb, then add the past participle of your MAIN verb. For I had run: Había corrido. You have slept: Habías dormido.

11. 1.I had lived. _______________________________________ 2.He had written (watch out, it’s an irregular!). ____________________________________________ 3.They had talked. ________________________________________ 4.Pepe had driven. _______________________________________________ 5.Andrea had read. ______________________________________________ 6.No one knows how I have suffered! __________________________________________

12. 7. Josefina has made a delicious dinner. __________________________________ 8. Máximo has given his mother a gift. __________________________________ 9. You have robbed the bank? __________________________________ 10. I am sorry, but the cats have died. __________________________________

13. 11. Memo had opened the door of his car. __________________________________ 12. The girls have watched TV. ______________________________________ 13. Have the students arrived? _________________________________ 14. Has he covered the food? __________________________________

14. 15. We have taken all the pencils. _______________________________ 16. Those students have not talked. ______________________________ 17. My parents have prepared the meal. _______________________________________

15. Contesta en español: 18. ¿Han hecho ustedes la tarea? ________________________ 19. ¿Has aprendido el español? _____________________ 20. ¿Qué has comido hoy? ______________________________________