1. Mobile Location and the transformed network October 2003 Martin Dawson Nortel Networks MLC Architect mdawson@nortelnetworks.com

2. Mobile Location – Transformed Network - 1 Nortel Networks Proprietary Nortel Networks at a Glance… Our history… Over 100 years at the forefront of major technological innovations in telecom Our operations… Serving more than 150 countries Our people… Approximately 36K employees worldwide Our financials… 2002 Revenues of US$10.6B 2002 R&D expenditure of US$2.2B

3. Our Customers Service providers –Public network carriers –Wireless operators –Multi-service operators (cable companies) Enterprises –Small, medium and large businesses –Financial institutions –Educational institutions –Hospitality industry –Healthcare facilities –Public institutions and government agencies –Other industries

4. Mobile Location – Transformed Network - 3 Nortel Networks Proprietary Our Organization Addressing the needs of multiple markets and customers Leveraging technology portfolio across various market segments Common technological and networking expertise, operations and customer service Wireless Networks Enterprise Networks Optical Networks Wireline Networks $2.3B $4.2B $2.6B $1.5B 2002 Revenues (US$)

5. Mobile Location – Transformed Network - 4 Nortel Networks Proprietary E911 Driven Technology Development US CarrierNetworkLocation Technology AlltelCDMAAGPS AT&T WirelessGSM TDMA UMTS UTDOA + UTDOA + GPS Cingular WirelessGSM TDMA UTDOA + NexteliDEN*GPS QuestCDMAAGPS Sprint PCSCDMAAGPS Verizon WirelessCDMAAGPS T-MobileGSMUTDOA + * iDEN uses network assisted, MS-based, GPS positioning. CDMA does MS-assisted +UTDOA not necessarily expected to get use outside USA – due to cost of LMUs. Dominant technologies have emerged as: A-GPS for CDMA* and UTDOA for GSM

6. Mobile Location – Transformed Network - 5 Nortel Networks Proprietary MSC GMLC SAS PSTN PSAP Dialup ESME/ ALI IP RNC Node B WARN 1. 911 6.RRC 8a.SLR 8b. Call setup 9. Query Location 10. ESPOSREQ 4.PCAP req 5.PCAP resp 11. esposreq 12. Provide Location Standards based UMTS Emergency Services Call walkthrough Utilising A-GPS 3.LRC 7.LRC resp 2.Emergency Call Invoke

7. Mobile Location – Transformed Network - 6 Nortel Networks Proprietary MSC GMLC SMLC IP BSC BTS 4. SRI response 3. SRI Value added service performing MT-LR on GSM using UTDOA for positioning. BTS HLR Application Server Internet 2.Location Request 5. PSL 6. Perform Location Request 1.Application Request 12. Perform Location Response 13. PSL Response 14. Location Response 15. Application Response 9. Get channel info LMU 10. Initiate Measurements 11. Provide Measurements

8. Mobile Location – Transformed Network - 7 Nortel Networks Proprietary Optical Packet Security Mobility QoS IP VPN Subscriber Control Access LAN Broadband Transformed Network Architecture ISV Apps Applications MediaVoice Services Service Edge Policy Content Switching Interactive Multimedia

9. Mobile Location – Transformed Network - 8 Nortel Networks Proprietary GSM GMLC LhLg HLR GMLC Home PLMN Le Lh Location Applications Location Applications SMLC LMU Ls Um LMU SMLC Abis Lb Lp Location Applications Location Applications Le Lg Serving PLMN Lh MSC VLR MSC VLR BSC BTS MS Abis A HLR D Where does location fit in the transformed network? LCS – Network architecture elements LCS support requires two new network elements* SMLC GMLC * Note IS-95 networks have same principle – corresponding network elements are the MPC and the PDE

10. Mobile Location – Transformed Network - 9 Nortel Networks Proprietary Where does location fit in the transformed network? Location – Two key pieces Gateway Location Center –Application interface for location services –Application authentication –Privacy checking –Access independent –Examples – GMLC, MPC Serving Location Center –Determines the location –Talks to access network and user device –Understands the access it serves –Examples – SMLC, PDE Gateway Location Center Serving Location Center

11. Mobile Location – Transformed Network - 10 Nortel Networks Proprietary Location – Place in the transformed network Gateway Location Center –Application interface for location services –Application authentication –Privacy checking –Access independent –Examples – GMLC, MPC Serving Location Center –Determines the location –Talks to access network and user device –Understands the access it serves –Examples – SMLC, PDE Gateway Location Center Serving Location Center Gateway Location Center Serving Location Center The Gateway Location Center provides the application layer interface The Serving Location Centers provide the adaptation and positioning on a per access network basis The result is a uniform service provision independent of access method

12. Mobile Location – Transformed Network - 11 Nortel Networks Proprietary VoIP CallServer PSTN Gateway Router + L2 Router + L2 Access SLCI Lg’ e.g. VoIP E911 Application GMLC ALI S/R E2 I/f – ALI sees same infrastructure PSAP sees same infrastructure Requires: Equivalent Lg interface semantics between CS and GMLC Reuse ESRK tagging Ability to route update requests from GMLC to CS Ability to route location requests from CS to access network SMLC equivalent (SLCI) in access MSC RAN SMLC Lg