1. TAKS OBJECTIVE 2 TEKS OBJECTIVE 8C The student knows the applications of taxonomy and can identify its limitations. The student is expected to (B) identify the characteristics of kingdoms including monerans, protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

2. Focus Question How can a biologist tell if two organisms belong to the same kingdom? Discuss with your classmate and record your answer.

3. Activity Analyze the pictures and match it with the correct kingdom A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Protista D) Animalia E) Plantae F) Fungi 1 2 3 4 56

4. Archaebacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Extreme Conditions Protista Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Multicellular Decomposers Fungi Eukaryotic Some autotrophic, others heterotrophic Sexual or asexual reproduction Plantae Eukaryotic All autotrophic Cellulose & chlorophyll present Multicellular Animalia Eukaryotic All heterotrophic (ingest food) Multicellular Sexual reproduction Eubacteria Prokaryotic Some autotrophic, others heterotrophic Single-celled Kingdoms of Life

6. Write down what you need to remember about each kingdom and any other important information.

7. Taxonomy - the science dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classification of organisms. Kingdom - a taxonomic category of the highest rank, grouping together all forms of life having certain fundamental characteristics in common. Autotroph - organism that can make its own food from an inorganic source. Heterotroph - organism that cannot make its own food and must therefore eat other organisms in order to get nutrients. Eukaryote - organism whose cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryote - organism whose cells contain no nucleus or membrane- bound organelles. Terms you should know…

8. Broadest category (taxon) for classifying organisms. Six kingdoms: Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archaebacteria Eubacteria Taxonomic Levels

9. Kingdom Kingdom Phylum Phylum Class Class Order Order Family Family Genus Genus Species Species

10. Binomial nomenclature usedBinomial nomenclature used Genus speciesGenus species Latin or GreekLatin or Greek Italicized in printItalicized in print Capitalize genus, but NOT speciesCapitalize genus, but NOT species Underline when writingUnderline when writing 10 Turdus migratorius American Robin Scientific Name

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12. The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is most closely related to the a. spotted chorus frog (Pseudacis clarki) b. Asian flying frog (Polypedates leucomystax) c. Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) d. African bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus) Answer is C  Why is the name italicized?  What taxa do the italicized words describe?  How do I know if two organisms are closely related to one another?

13. Which of these classifications is most specific? a. Family b. Genus c. Phylum d. Order Answer is B  What are the 7 classifications (from broadest to most specific)? Hint: King Phillip……

14. The kingdom Animalia includes all of the following except a. Jellyfish b. Sponges c. Amoebas d. Roundworms Answer is C  What are the six kingdoms?  What are the characteristics of the kingdom animalia?  Which of these organisms lacks those characteristics?

15. This animal most likely belongs to phylum — a. Porifera b. Annelida c. Mollusca d. Arthropoda Answer is B PhylumCharacteristics PoriferaAsymmetrical, numerous pores, lacks tissues and organs AnnelidaLong segmented body, bilaterally symmetrical MolluscaSoft body consisting of foot, visceral mass, and mantle ArthropodaSegmented body, jointed legs, exoskeleton  What are the characteristics of the given organism?  Based on your observations to which kingdom(s) it is not a member of?

16. Bluebells in Different Locations Plants known as bluebells exist in England, Scotland, and the United States. In each of these locations, however, the plant known as a bluebell is very different from the plants called bluebells in the other two locations Which of these is demonstrated by the information above? a.The need for controlling variables in experiments. b.The need to classifying organisms scientifically. c.The importance of predicting trends from scientific data d.The importance of questioning experimental evidence. Answer is B  How can three different plants have the same name?  How can we prevent naming different plants (organisms) the same?

17. Which kingdom does this organism belong to? Some Characteristics of Diospyros texana a. archaebacteria b. fungi c. plantae d. Animalia Answer is C Multicellular Eukaryotic Makes its own food  Which kingdom’s characeristics most closely resembles that of our organism?

18. A laboratory investigation included examining prepared slides of pond water. Single-celled organisms with a nucleus and either cilia or flagella were visible. These organisms probably belong to the kingdom — a. Animalia b. Fungi c. Plantae d. Protista Answer : D  Based on the given information, which kingdom(s) does it not belong to?

19. Multicellular eukaryotes that are usually mobile and obtain food from other organisms probably belong to the kingdom — a. Plantae b. Fungi c. Animalia d. Protista  Based on the given information, which kingdom(s) does it not belong to?

20. According to the table, the gray wolf is least related to the — a. dog b. rattlesnake c. salamander d. Lobster Answer D Classificatio n Examples Kingdom Animalia Gray wolf, dog, rattlesnake, mockingbird, salamander, lobster Phylum Chordata Gray wolf, dog, rattlesnake, mockingbird, salamander Genus CanisGray wolf, dog Species lupus Gray wolf  Why are there less and less examples as you move from kingdom to species?  Are organisms more closely related if they belong to the same kingdom or the same genus?