1. Presentation of Chapters 7 & 8 Applying the Coherence Principle (ch. 7) Applying the Personalization Principle (ch. 8) November 4, 2005 Professor Paul Kim By Piya Sorcar

2. Chapt 7: Coherence Principle Coherence Principle 1: Avoid e-lessons with Extraneous Sounds Cognitive Theory of Multimedia: - assumes that working memory capacity is highly limited - background sounds can overload/disrupt cognitive system - Narration and extraneous sounds must compete for limited cognitive resources in the auditory channel Incoming Information (learning material & extraneous sounds) Cognitive Channels Narration Pictures/Printed Text Auditory/Verbal Channel Visual/Pictorial Channel Extraneous Sounds OVERLOAD!!!

3. Chapt 7: Coherence Principle Coherence Principle 2: Avoid e-lessons with Extraneous Pictures - harmful in that they can interfere with the learner’s attempts to make sense of the presented material - extraneous graphics can be distracting and disruptive of learning process - when pictures are used merely to decorate page they can distract from learning process Incoming Information (learning material & extraneous sounds) Cognitive Channels Narration Pictures/Printed Text Auditory/Verbal Channel Visual/Pictorial Channel Extraneous Pictures OVERLOAD!!!

4. Chapt 7: Coherence Principle Coherence Principle 3: Avoid e-lessons with Extraneous Words - Adding extraneous words may result in poor learning - Recommendations - shorter rather than longer narrations - stick to basic and concise descriptions of content Incoming Information (learning material & extraneous sounds) Cognitive Channels Narration Pictures/Printed Text Auditory/Verbal Channel Visual/Pictorial Channel Extraneous Words OVERLOAD!!!

5. Chapt 8: Personalization Principle Deliver information in a “personalized” way  Human – to – human contact  First and second – person language  Learners work harder to learn in this type of setting  Informal style promotes better transfer Setting Appropriate tone for learning Personalization to promote learning BALANCE