1. www.adas.co.uk Large scale Combustion of Animal Manure in the United Kingdom Philip Metcalfe ADAS UK Ltd

2. Summary Recovery of value from combustion of poultry litter has many environmental benefits. Uses proven technologies Half the broiler litter in the UK is recovered The construction and operation of large scale power stations has proven to be financially viable over 13 years. The ash provides revenue and is registered as a product.

3. Number of table fowl in the UK and volumes of litter

4. Eye Thetford

5. Broiler Litter Fuelled Power Stations in the UK

6. Physical and Chemical Properties of Broiler Litter

7. Fibrophos

8. Regulatory drivers for farms Nitrates Directive 91/676/EC Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control 96/61/EC Town and county Planning Regulations 1988 EIA Environmental Protection Act 1990

9. Regulation of the process Environmental Protection Act Prescribed Processes and Substances Regulation Part A processes. IPPC Directive 2000/76/EC on the Incineration of Waste (WID) co-incineration processes

10. Emissions

11. Financial Benefits Revenues from sale of electricity Renewable obligation certificates Carbon trading Lower cost recycling Revenues from the sale of fertiliser (ash) Income from litter supply to power stations Green credentials for users of the products. 40 employed on-site, 100 – 150 indirect jobs

12. Carbon and Nutrient Recycling

13. Environmental Benefits 1 Significant volumetric reduction Elimination of nitrogen for NVZ compliance Preservation of other nutrients Elimination of odour from recycling Reduction of ammonia emissions from land spreading NO2 losses reduced Reduction of methane emissions

14. Environmental Benefits 2 Replacement of fossil fuels Process remote from high population areas Avoided carbon emissions Replacement of chemical fertiliser

15. Farm Management Benefits Significant volumetric reduction Year round removal of waste form poultry units. Reduced storage requirements Easier planning permissions Compliance with IPPC directive Eliminate pollution risk

16. The Process

17. Combustion technologies Aalborg Boiler watertube 3 pass 65 bar Stepped grate 1993 Spread grate 1994 Fluidised bed 2001

18. Conversion technologies Reciprocating Engine 160kva 1990 Steam Turbine 13Mw 1993

19. Combustion

20. Combustion 2

21. Stepped grate precombustor

24. Precombustor

25. Thetford 38 Mwe

26. Westfield power station 10MWe

27. Fluidised bed

28. Summary Recovery of value from combustion of poultry litter has many environmental benefits. Uses proven technologies Half the broiler litter in the UK is recovered The construction and operation of large scale power stations has proven to be financially viable over 13 years. The ash provides revenue and is registered as a product.