1. Widianto, K. Hairiah, W.S. Dewi, Hascaryo, D. Saputra, F.K. Aini, D. Suprayogo, N.Khasanah and M. van Noordwijk L Litter layer, population density of earthworm and soil macroporosity UNIV. BRAWIJAYA Suprayogo09@yahoo.com

2. Land Cover in East Java (Malang) Land Cover in Sumatra (West Lampung)

3. stem-flow through-fall rainfall cloud interception lateral outflow percolation recharge infiltrasi surface evaporation transpiration canopy water evaporation uptake Quick flow base flow { surface run-on sub- surface lateral inflow surface run-off Flow: tree Soil Hydrology function of ‘forest’: lanscape ?

4. ForestAgriculture: Monoculture / Polyculture Decomposition & Mineralisation Water Quality Run - off Other macrofauna Earthworm SOM Macroporosity & Water Infiltration Thickness of Surface Litter Slope and rainfall Protection to soil surface

5. Reduced Run-off IF: 1. Good and long soil cover ~ Litter thickness, slowly decomposed litter 2.High soil roughness ~ branches, understorey 3.Good water infiltration ~ enough soil macro pore

6. Purpose 1. Litter Litter Input Decomposition 2. Worm Population density Biomass 3. Soil Macroporosity Infiltration

7. West Lampung Malang SUMATRA JAVA

8. 2.Multistrata coffee 3. Shaded coffee 1.Forest 4.Monoculture Coffee Survey

10. 1.Litterfall 2.Prunning Do litter composition of LUS differs one to another?

11. Annual Litter Input in Sumatra

12. LUS Litterfall Mg ha -1 yr -1 NLP (L+P)/N --------------%----------- Forest11.11.2421.16.3722.2 Multistrata C.7.72.234.96.1218.6 Shaded C.6.02.1532.34.2517.0 Monoculture C.3.91.9537.75.1922.0 Annual Litter input and its quality of various LUS in Java (L+P)/N > 10 low quality  slow decompose (Van Lauwe et al, 1997)

13. D ECOMPOSITION RATE OF LITTER

15. Cast production weekly observed Measurement of Earthworm

16. Klitelum Dominant Spesies in Indonesian Agriculture : Pontoscolex corethrurus Prostomium Seta cocon Genetal pore & TP Anterior Taken by: Dewi Taken by: Fragoso Total: 11 species

17. Earthworm population Number anecic + endogeic Forest: Amynthas gracillis & Peryonix excavatus (bigger size) Coffee based: Dichogaster bolaui (smaller size)

19. (Lavelle, 1997) (Van Noordwijk, 1985) Role of Earthworm and Roots on Macropore

20. Soil Macro porosity measurement (Methylen Blue), Feb. 2008

21. Macropore in- vertical plane Coffee monoculture Imperata grassland Coffee-based Agroforestry Forest 100 cm 30 cm 20 % 8 % 6 % 12 %

22. Measurement of water infiltration

23. Macroporosity and Infiltration

24. Earthworm (Pontoscolex) vs Soil porosity

25. Macropore = 0.78 Roots – 15.6 B/P non-Pontoscolex + 5.02 Litter thickness (R 2 = 0.98**)  Managing Crop Diversity is the key factor for maintaining Soil macropore Litter, earthworm, roots and Macropore Dewi et al., 2006)

27. Worm size+po- pulation Worm Biomass SOM LITTER LAYER Litter Input (various shade trees in AF coffee based systems) Worm Activity Macro pore “SoilStructDyn” (as a part of WaNuLCAS model) Van Noordwijk et al, 2005

28. LUS Surface litter, Mg ha -1 C org relative to C org forest, % Macropore, % Earthworm Biomass, g m -2 MSMSMSMS Forest 4.24.91.0 12.312.53125.8 Multistrata 3.32.30.440.473.64.81817.8 Shaded 31.10.550.423.52.6714.1 Monokultur e 1.61.50.430.4032.2129.5 Estimation of “SoilStruct Dyn” Modelling

29. 1.Better litter layer improved soil macroporosity and Water infiltration 2.Improvement of macroporosity in AF ~ 2.Improvement of macroporosity in AF ~ Size of Earthworms (anecic group) 3.A combination of trees with slowly decomposing litter  protect the soil surface, and trees with deep root systems  create macroporosity

30. This activity was funded by ACIAR- ICRAF S.E. Asia, Ministry of Education (DIKTI- A2 Program) and CIFOR - Tropical Forest and Climate Change Adaptation (TroFCCA) project