1. HOW DO UNDERSTORY PLANTS COME BACK AFTER FIRE?

4. BURIED TREASURES: Perennials Underground buds or growing pointsUnderground buds or growing points –Dormant before fire –Meristem tissues (i.e. stem cells) Insulated from the heat of fireInsulated from the heat of fire Released from dormancy by the death of the buds on the aerial portions of the plantReleased from dormancy by the death of the buds on the aerial portions of the plant

7. DEPENDS ON WHERE THEY’RE GROWING HOW DOES FIRE AFFECT UNDERGROUND PLANT STRUCTURES?

8. Litter & Duff Mineral soil FOREST FLOOR LAYERS

10. Root collarRoot collar Root crownRoot crown RhizomeRhizome CaudexCaudex BulbBulb CormCorm UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES THAT SUPPORT DORMANT BUDS

11. Litter & Duff Mineral soil ROOT COLLAR

13. Litter & Duff Mineral soil ROOT CROWN

15. Litter & Duff Mineral soil RHIZOME

17. Litter & Duff Mineral soil CAUDEX

18. CAUDEX

19. Litter & Duff Mineral soil BULB/CORM

20. BULBCORM

21. Root collar Root crown Rhizome Caudex Bulb/ Corm

22. Litter & Duff Mineral soil Another treasure: BURIED SEED

23. Insulated from the heat of the fireInsulated from the heat of the fire Remain in the soil for decadesRemain in the soil for decades Are still able to germinate and growAre still able to germinate and grow BURIED TREASURES: Seeds

25. Buried Treasures Fire adaptation of understory plants—if top-killed can still be alive below groundFire adaptation of understory plants—if top-killed can still be alive below ground Underground budsUnderground buds –insulated from the heat of a fire –dormant Located on underground structures that are species specificLocated on underground structures that are species specific Sprouting ability variableSprouting ability variable –depends upon bud location—litter/duff vs. mineral soil –depends on duration of fire and duff consumption