1. Plankton The Drifters

2. Two kinds of plankton  Phytoplankton (Producers)  Photosynthesis (Autotrophs)  1/2 of world’s primary production and oxygen  Zooplankton (Consumers)  Link to rest of food web  Herbivores and carnivores  Phytoplankton (Producers)  Photosynthesis (Autotrophs)  1/2 of world’s primary production and oxygen  Zooplankton (Consumers)  Link to rest of food web  Herbivores and carnivores

3. Where?  Euphotic zone in neritic and oceanic waters  Most abundant in temperate and subpolar seas Why?  Supplies food to organisms below  Euphotic zone in neritic and oceanic waters  Most abundant in temperate and subpolar seas Why?  Supplies food to organisms below

4. 3 Types of Phytoplankton  Diatoms  Dinoflagellates  Coccolithophorids  Diatoms  Dinoflagellates  Coccolithophorids

5. Diatoms

12.  Most important primary producers in temperate and polar regions  With lots of nutrients and warm temp. get blooms in spring (rapid reproduction)  Most important primary producers in temperate and polar regions  With lots of nutrients and warm temp. get blooms in spring (rapid reproduction)

13. Diatoms-Structure  Cells with a silica shell (glass) called frustule  2 halves like a petri dish with nucleus and chloroplasts inside

14. Diatom Reproduction  Cell division (Asexual)  Split and each half grows new shell  (Sometimes do sexual reproduction)

15. Dead Diatoms  Sink and make sand!  6 millions pounds refined everyday from beaches  Used in paints, extend life of tires and shoes  Toothpaste,kitty litter

16. Diatoms Can’t Swim!  To stay afloat:  Increase surface area and drag  (Be flat, Long spines, or form chains)  Store lipids (oil) to be less dense than water  To stay afloat:  Increase surface area and drag  (Be flat, Long spines, or form chains)  Store lipids (oil) to be less dense than water

17. Dinoflagellates  Prefer warmer waters  Can swim up and down in water column  Prefer warmer waters  Can swim up and down in water column

20. Dinoflagellate- Structure  2 unequal flagella  One wrapped around middle (belt)  One for movement  Cell wall with plates of cellulose  2 unequal flagella  One wrapped around middle (belt)  One for movement  Cell wall with plates of cellulose

21. Dinoflagellates Reproduction  Cell Division, very rarely sexual reproduction

22. Dinoflagellates- Red Tide

23. Dinoflagellates Red Tide  Massive blooms (thousand cells in one drop of water!)  Water turns orange or red-brown  Produce poisons  Kills fish, stored in mussels and clam tissue  Eat clams get Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning  Massive blooms (thousand cells in one drop of water!)  Water turns orange or red-brown  Produce poisons  Kills fish, stored in mussels and clam tissue  Eat clams get Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

24. Dinoflagellates Bioluminescence

25.  Produce light  Bright if disturbed by boat or wave crashing

26. Coccolithophorids  Oceanic (not neritic)  Prefer warm water  Oceanic (not neritic)  Prefer warm water

27. Coccolithophorid “Round stone bearers”

28. Coccolithophorid Bloom

29. Coccolithophorid Structure  Flagellates  Spherical, covered with button-like stuctures called coccoliths made of calcium carbonate  Flagellates  Spherical, covered with button-like stuctures called coccoliths made of calcium carbonate

30. Dead coccolithophorids  Settle to ocean floor  Thick deposits of Chalk!  White cliffs of Dover in Southern England  Settle to ocean floor  Thick deposits of Chalk!  White cliffs of Dover in Southern England

31. White Cliffs of Dover

32. Zooplankton  Eat ??  Link to rest of food chain  Eat ??  Link to rest of food chain

33. Zooplankton - Crustaceans  Arthropods (exoskeleton, jointed appendages  Shrimps, Crabs, Lobsters  Arthropods (exoskeleton, jointed appendages  Shrimps, Crabs, Lobsters

34. Crustaceans - Copepods

35.  Most abundant zooplankton  Use mouthparts to draw in water with food (phyto- and zooplankton -other copepods too)  Use 1st pair of antennae to swim  Most abundant zooplankton  Use mouthparts to draw in water with food (phyto- and zooplankton -other copepods too)  Use 1st pair of antennae to swim

36. Crustaceans - Krill  Shrimp-like, up to 6 cm long  Prefer cold oceanic water  Filter feeders - eat phytos, fecal pellets, other zooplankton  Favorite food: Diatoms  Shrimp-like, up to 6 cm long  Prefer cold oceanic water  Filter feeders - eat phytos, fecal pellets, other zooplankton  Favorite food: Diatoms

37. Krill

38. Crustacean - Larvae  Crabs, shrimp, barnacles, lobsters  Temporary zooplankton  Crabs, shrimp, barnacles, lobsters  Temporary zooplankton

45. Crustaceans - Amphipods  Small, like copepods

46. Arrowworm  Eat prey as large or larger than themselves  Eat copepods  Eat prey as large or larger than themselves  Eat copepods

48. Jellyfish and Combjellies  Weak swimmers  Can be large and drift with currents  Eat small fish and zooplankton  Weak swimmers  Can be large and drift with currents  Eat small fish and zooplankton