1. Impacts of exotic species to foodweb structure of Hawaiian streams Richard A. MacKenzie, Tara Holitzki, Karla McDermid

3. Research objectives To document how poeciliids are affecting Hawaiian streams. We hypothesized that high densities of omnivorous poeciliids would: H1. shift food resources available for native gobies H2. shift trophic position of native gobies

4. Study site 1.Substrate 2.Riparian canopy 3.Watershed 4.Land use 5.Elevation 6.Stream width

5. Collected samples for  13 C,  15 N,  D 1)Leaf litter 2)Algae (epilithon scrapes) 3)Invertebrates (surber) 4)L. concolor and P. reticulata (dipnets) METHODS

7. Multiple food resources

8. MacKenzie et al. in review

10. 41-44% 36-56%

11. 41-44% 36-56% 93% 68% 32%

12. ???%

13. Trophic position of L. concolor Trophic position consumer = (  15 N consumer –  15 N baseline )/3.4 + 2 Vander Zanden et al. 1999

14. Conclusions 1.Invasion of Hawaiian streams by exotic poeciliids are altering food web structure of native stream fish by shifting food resources from high (i.e., Chironomidae) to low quality food sources (i.e., Cheumatopsyche analis) 2.Trophic position of L. concolor decreased by 1/2 trophic length in poeciliid-invaded streams 3.The introduction of exotic invertebrates to Hawaiian streams (i.e., C. analis) may be altering food web structure by shifting basal food resources (e.g., increased importance of leaf litter)

15. Impacts of exotic species to foodweb structure of Hawaiian anchialine ponds Bruce Dudley, Richard A. MacKenzie, Troy Sakihara

16. kiawenative veg. open (no fish) open (fish)

17. algae leaf litter leaf litter

19. Hawai ‘i Oahu

20. MacKenzie et al. in review

22. Trophic position consumer = (  15 N consumer –  15 N baseline )/3.4 + 2 Calculated percent contributions to diets using ISOSOURCE (Phillips and Gregg 2003) Calculated trophic position (Vander Zanden et al. 1999) METHODS

23. Invasive taxa in Pearl Harbor No. Aquatic insects49 Crustaceans5 Mollusks10 Amphibians3 Fish18 Cheumatopsyche analis Procambrus clarkii Pomacea canaliculata Englund 2002 Rana catesbeiana Bufo marinus Sarotherodon melanochromis Gambusia affinis

24. 40% 60% 80% 20% Vander Zanden et al. 1999