1. Microscopes Compound Light (up to X 2,000) Electron (up to X 200,000) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

2. Chapter 1 Light Microscopes –compound light microscope: shines light through a specimen. -Magnifies up to 2,000 times. –Magnification is the increase of an object’s apparent size. –Resolution is the power to show details clearly in an image. View cells!

3. Chapter 1 Object Size and Magnifying Power of Microscopes

4. Chapter 1 Electron Microscopes –In an electron microscope, a beam of electrons produces an enlarged image of the specimen. –Electron microscopes provide greater magnification and resolution than light microscopes. –Magnifies up to 200,000 times. View things smaller than cells!

5. Chapter 1 Electron Microscopes –Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) pass a beam of electrons over the specimen’s surface for better viewing the external surface of a specimen. Gives a “3 D” appearance. –Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) transmit a beam of electrons through a thinly sliced specimen for better viewing the internal structures of a specimen.

6. Plant cells (Light)

7. Plant Cell (TEM)

8. Light Microscope 1. eyepiece 2. body tube 3. fine adjustment knob 4. nosepiece 5. scanning objective 6. low power objective 7. high power objective 8. diaphragm 9. light 10. coarse adjustment 11. arm 12. stage clip 13. base 10X 8 4X 10X 40X 5 7 13 9 8

9. Functions 1.eyepiece (ocular) – contains a lens capable of 10X magnification 2.body tube-the long tube that holds the eyepiece and connects it to the objectives 3.fine adjustment knob- brings objects slowly into fine focus 4.nosepiece – rotates to change from one lense to another 5.scanning objective - contains a lens capable of 4X magnification 6.low power objective -- contains a lens capable of 10X magnification 7.high power objective – contains a lens capable of 40X magnification 8.diaphragm- controls the amount of light 9.light – directs light into the scope. 10.coarse adjustment knob – brings objects into rapid focus - DO NOT use with high power objective 11.arm-part of the microscope that is held to carry the scope. 12.stage - holds the slide 13.base - supports the microscope, hold to carry.

10. Using Microscopes List the 6 steps to focus the microscope. 1.Place the prepared slide on the stage. 2.Move the slide so the beam of light goes through the middle. 3.Turn the coarse adjustment knob so the stage is all the way at the top. 4.Use the scanning 4X power objective and the coarse adjustment knob, focus down until you see the object. 5.Using the 10X power objective focus again until you see the object. To Focus on high power: Before you turn in the 40X objective: make sure the specimen is in the middle of the field of view. 6. Turn in the 40X objective. Focus only using the fine adjustment knob Turn off light and clean up when finished.

11. A good example of how to sketch from your microscope

12. Rules for Microscope Drawings 1. All drawings in pencil. 2.use color only when you see a specific color. 3. Draw a circle to represent the field of vision. 4. Label outside the circle, include magnification and name of what you are looking at. 5.Be neat, label when possible Magnification = Eyepiece X Lenses 10 Magnification will always be 40x, 100x, or 400x 4x, 10x, or 40x

13. Ameba with 40X lens Ameba 400X 10 X 40 = 400

14. Other Rules! 1.Be very careful they are fragile 2.You break, you buy (and microscopes are expensive) 3. Don’t force anything, if the scope is not working, stop and ask for help

15. Multiple Choice, 1.To which of the following does the resolution of a microscope refer? F. its ability to show detail clearly G. its power to scan the surface of an object H. its series of interchangeable objective lenses J. its power to increase an object’s apparent size Chapter 1 Standardized Test Prep

16. Multiple Choice 1.To which of the following does the resolution of a microscope refer? F. its ability to show detail clearly G. its power to scan the surface of an object H. its series of interchangeable objective lenses J. its power to increase an object’s apparent size Chapter 1 Standardized Test Prep

17. 2. compound light microscope : light :: TEM : F. tissues G. electrons H. organelles J. organ systems Chapter 1 Standardized Test Prep

18. 2. compound light microscope : light :: TEM : F. tissues G. electrons H. organelles J. organ systems Chapter 1 Standardized Test Prep

19. 10X 40X

20. Slide Stage Clips

21. 1.eyepiece - where you look through to see the image of your specimen. 2.low power objective -- used for low power magnification of the specimen 3.stage - the specimen is placed on the stage for viewing. 4.glass slide – the specimen is placed on the slide for viewing 5.coverslip –placed over the slide to keep stain and water off of the objectives 6.diaphragm-controls the amount of light going through to the specimen 7.base-supports the microscope, used to carry it 8.fine adjustment knob-small, round knob used to fine tune the focus of your specimen after using the coarse adjustment knob 9.coarse adjustment knob -- used for focusing on low power 10.stage clips-hold the slide in place 11.arm-used when carrying the microscope 12.scanning objective – 4X objective, used for “scanning” over the slide 13.high power objective -- used for high power magnification of the specimen (the longer objective lens)

22. Fly (SEM)60x

23. Chloroplast (TEM)

24. ?????? SEM

25. ?????? SEM

26. ?????? SEM

27. ?????? SEM