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Multiple Choice Review
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Question 1 Eyepiece – what you look through Body tube – creates space between your eye and specimen Nosepiece – holds the objectives Objective – used to magnify the specimen (scanning, low and high) Arm – supports the upper part of the microscope Stage – a place to put the specimen Stage clips – hold the specimen in place Diaphragm – adjusts the amount of light you use to look at the specimen Coarse adjustment knob – brings the specimen into first focus Fine adjustment knob – makes the image sharper Light source – provides light to view the specimen (should not be direct sunlight) Base – holds up bottom part of the microscope
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Question 2 Magnification (m)=ocular (eyepiece) x objective Example m = 10 x 40 m=400 times
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Question 3 Independent variable goes on the x-axis Dependent variable goes on the y-axis
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Question 4 Independent Variables are changes that occur in an experiment that are directly caused by the experimenter (you.) Dependent Variables are changes that occur due to independent variables. A Controlled Variable is anything else that could influence the dependent variables.
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Question 5 Carbohydrates – monosacharrides Proteins – amino acids Lipids – fatty acids Nucleic acids - nucleotides
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Question 6 Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell Where cellular respiration takes places Cells that need lots of energy have lots of mitochondria
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Question 7 Nucleus – holds the genetic information Found in eukaryotic cells
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Question 8 Ribosomes Where proteins are built
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Question 9 Three organelles unique to plant cells Chloroplasts – where photosynthesis happens Cell wall – keeps things rigid so that plants can stand upright Large central vacuole – usually fills with water to help plants stand upright
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Question 10 Cell cycle G1 – intense growth, cells spends most of cycle in this phase S – DNA is copies G2 – more growth, prep for mitosis M – mitosis C - cytokinesis
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Questions 11 & 12 Mitosis – creates two cells identical to the first cell (used for somatic cells) Meiosis – creates two cells with half the information of the first (used to create sex cells)
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Question 13 A recessive trait is visible (expressed) when both alleles are recessive (homozygous) Example - bb
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Questions 14 & 15 Nitrogen bases in DNA Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Nitrogen bases in RNA Adenine (A) Uracil (U) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C)
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Question 16 DNA looks like a twisted spiral staircase
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Question 17 Male genotype – XY Female genotype - XX
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Question 18 Pedigrees are used to track a trait through many generations of a family
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Questions 19 & 20 Herbivores – plants Carnivores – meat Omnivores – both plants and meat Autotrophs (producers) – make their own food (photosynthesis) Heterotrophs (consumers) – get their energy by eating things
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Question 21
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Question 22
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Question 23
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Question 24 Ozone layer Filter ultraviolet radiation Helps maintain atmospheric temperatures
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Question 25 Aerobic – with oxygen Generates more energy (ATP) Anaerobic – without oxygen Generates some energy Generates lactic acid
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Question 26 Energy is transferred through consumption Usually only 10 percent travels up each level of the food chain Most is used for cell process
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Question 27
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Question 28
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Good Luck Study this and the “Open-ended Review” sheet. Multiple choice section – 100 questions Look the study materials over few times and you should be fine for the multiple choice section of the final exam.
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