1. Nottingham Centre for Infrastructure Bridge Engineering Research Dr John S Owen

2. Introduction Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Wind Loads on Bridges –CFD modelling of aero-elasticity Other bridge work –Application of IT to construction –Integral bridges

3. Structural Health Monitoring Pilot studies on RC Beams –Linear response to static and cyclic loads –Non-linear system identification –Alternative signal processing techniques Large scale model bridge decks

4. SHM Overview Data Collection Bridge Management Decisions GPS on long span bridges Data Reduction & Feature Extraction Data Processing Physical Interpretation Linear & Nonlinear S.I. Laboratory Tests Damage Models PCA & ANN Time Frequency Analysis

5. RC Beams – static loading Funded by HA 1996-1998 Pilot project –24 Beams –Incremental static load to failure –Measure modal properties at each increment

6. Test Specimen

8. RC Beams – cyclic loading Long term cyclic loading –4 Beams –Sinusoidal load under force control –2 different load levels Vibration properties measured daily

11. RC Beams – Non linearity Non-linearity observed in damaged beams Non-linear system identification –Restoring force surface Damage model for non-linear vibrations

15. Ex Bridge Beams Application in the field Alternatives to system identification

18. Model Bridges in Melbourne Project funded by Vic-Roads 3 model bridge decks, scale 1:2.5 –3 different types –Typical of many older RC bridges in Victoria –Opportunity to measure modal properties in different damage states –Comparison of SI and pattern recognition paradigms

24. RC Model Bridge Decks Funded by HA 2000-2003 10 Decks –Incremental static load to failure –Measure vibration data at each increment Data processing –System identification/model updating –Statistical pattern recognition (ongoing)

28. Response of Bridges to Wind Field monitoring of Kessock Bridge –1991-1992 Wind tunnel testing –Full aero-elastic model 1996 –Section model 2004 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

32. Modelling FSI With CFD EPSRC funded project (2001-2004) 3D LES modelling of fluid domain Sequential coupling of fluid and structure Structural system –Rigid body cf section model –Elastic body cf full aero-elastic model

34. SPACES Bridges EPSRC IMI Funding –A.S. Whitehead, W.M.K. Tizani University of Nottingham –D.A. Nethercot Imperial College –S. Rivas, A Greig University College London, UK –S. Blackman Cranfield University, UK

35. Background 3D Space-frame Weather proof FRP enclosure Composite with concrete deck Light weight efficient structure

36. Overall Aim To improve the design, manufacture, inspection and installation of 3D tubular steel structures through –Improving the business process –Automation of fabrication –Integration of this process using IT

37. Moment Continuity for PS Bridge Beams Dr K S Elliott Funded by Malaysian Govt. 1994-8 Problem –Joints between simply supported bridges deteriorate due to ingress of chlorides Solution –Retrofit continuous connections between beams

39. 3% by area reinforcement between beams Joint line

40. Connection resists forces equal to ultimate shear and moment capacity of beam..but joint is semi-rigid due to large rotations

41. Future Directions - SHM Data Collection Bridge Management Decisions Data Reduction & Feature Extraction Data Processing Physical Interpretation Improved damage models Simulation of whole-life behaviour Hybrid SI and PR paradigm

42. Future Directions - FSI More efficient solution of complex flow field –“Appropriate” resolution of turbulence –DES Coupling of fully deformable structures –First steps already taken

43. Thank you for your attention