1. The Course of Imperialism  Mid 1800’s to late 1900’s-powerful nations engaged in a mad dash to extend their influence across much of the world.  Imperialism-the policy by which a stronger nation extends their political, military, and economic control over a weaker territory or territories.

2. Imperialists Seek Economic Benefits  Desire for raw materials and natural resources  Extractive Economics-the imperial country extracted or removes raw materials.  U.S.-issue was not a shortage of materials, but had a surplus of goods.

3. Imperialists Stress Military Strength  To expand and protect interests around the world the nation’s had to build up military strength.  “The Influence of Sea Power Around the World”-Alfred T. Mahan 1. Build a modern fleet 2. Acquire foreign bases for ships to refuel- Hawaii, Cuba, Philippines, Guam 3. Canal across Central America

4. Imperialists Believe in National Superiority  Racial, National, and Cultural superiority  Social Darwinism  Certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore were destined to rule over inferior peoples and cultures

5. Reasons Americans Embraced Social Darwinism  “Manifest Destiny”  “Our Country”-Josiah Strong-picked up a religious theme to “Manifest Destiny”  “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” –Frederick Jackson Turner-now that the frontier had closed discontent ambitious Americans could pursue their fortunes and secure a fresh start

6. U.S. Power Grows in the Pacific  1853-Commodore Mathew Perry sailed into present day Tokyo Bay, Japan  “Giant Dragons Puffing Smoke”  Result-Perry negotiated a treaty that opened Japan to trade with America

7. Seward Purchases Alaska  1867-Secretary of State, William Seward bought Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million  “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox”  The “Icebox” turned out to be rich in timber, oil, and other natural resources  Alaska greatly expanded America’s reach across the Pacific

8. U.S. Influence in Latin America Grows  Businessmen saw Latin America as a natural place to expand their trade and investments  First Pan-American Conference  Pan-American highway linked the U.S. to Central and South America

9. The United States Acquires Hawaii  Americans invested in Sugar Cane plantations  1887-Hawaii amends the constitution so that voting rights were limited to only wealthy landowners

10. American Planters Increase Power  1890’s American Planters faced two obstacles. 1. New U.S. Tariff law imposed duties on previously duty-free Hawaiian sugar 2. 1891-Queen Liliuokalani-”Hawaii for Hawaiian’s”

11. American Planters Increase Power in Hawaii  John L. Stevens, U.S. Minister to Hawaii ordered U.S. Marines on shore  1893-rebels overthrow the Queen  New government led by Sanford B. Dole asks President Benjamin Harrison to annex, senate didn’t get it approved before Cleveland took office.

12. The United States Annexes Hawaii  Grover Cleveland becomes President  Cleveland’s investigation revealed the majority of Hawaii’s were against annexation.  Cleveland refused to sign the agreement “flagrant wrong-doing”  1897-new President William McKinley favored the annexation of Hawaii  1898-Congress proclaimed Hawaii an official U.S. Territory