1. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 1 The Search for Causes CHAPTER 3

2. What is your opinion of human nature as it relates to crime causation. 1.People are basically good but taught deviance or exposed to evil 2.People are basically evil and self centered and must be taught to act appropriately with values CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 2

3. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 3 Correct Answer Survey or opinion question Graph answers for class discussion

4. The classical theory of crime is based on “free will” which holds the offender accountable and, therefore, they should receive swift punishment. 1.I agree with free will and that offenders are to be held accountable for their actions. 2.I believe we are a victim of circumstances and crime is impacted by other things besides our will. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 4

5. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 5 Correct Answer Survey or opinion question Graph answers for class discussion

6. Apply Beccaria’s “punishment should fit the crime” to someone that burglarized your vehicle. 1.I would want them publically beaten and sent to prison 2.I would want them to return my property and serve a jail sentence 3.I would want them to apologize and return my property and receive probation CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 6

7. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 7 Correct Answer Survey or opinion question Graph answers for class discussion

8. Bentham’s utilitarianism means? 1.people make their free will choice to commit crime if the rewards outweigh the punishments. 2.people make their free will choice to commit crime when the disadvantages are more plentiful than advantages CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 8

9. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 9 Correct Answer 1.People make their free will choice to commit crime if the rewards outweigh the punishments.

10. What can we conclude from the biological theories of crime? 1.Body features, size and shape affect criminal behavior. 2.Skull shape and lack of intelligence affect criminal tendencies 3.Your criminal ways are genetically passed down from generations 4.All of the above CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 10

11. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 11 Correct Answer 4. All of the above

12. Being born criminal with primitive “cave man” like physical features are proponents of which theory? 1.Sheldon’s somatypes 2.Gall’s phrenology 3.Lombroso’s atavism CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 12

13. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 13 Correct Answer 3. Lombroso’s atavism

14. Which of the following theories indicates aggressive behavior found in some criminals may be due to an XXX chromosome called the super gene? 1.Hereditary Theory and twin studies 2.Biochemical factors and imbalances 3.Chromosome Theory 4.None of the above CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 14

15. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 15 Correct Answer 4. None of the above

16. Psychopaths commit crime _____________. 1.without thinking 2.without remorse 3.for money CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 16

17. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 17 Correct Answer 2. without remorse

18. According to the theory of “normlessness” if a person adapts by accepting the goals of society but rejects the means they would be called what? 1.Conformist 2.Rebel 3.Innovator 4.Retreatest CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 18

19. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 19 Correct Answer 3. Innovator

20. Which theory may attribute crime to inner city living as an example of social disorganization? 1.Sub Cultural Theory 2.Anomie Theory 3.Social Ecology Theory CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 20

21. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 21 Correct Answer 3.Social Ecology Theory

22. Hirschi’s Social Control Theory indicates the stronger the social bond the more likely the youth will commit delinquent behavior. 1.Correct 2.Wrong CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 22

23. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 23 Correct Answer 2. Wrong

24. After reviewing the social process theories, I believe my reason for NOT committing crime is: 1.It is the appropriate way to conduct myself and a reflection of my values and upbringing. 2.I would not want to disappoint my family or friends. 3.I don’t have skills to commit crimes. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 24

25. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 25 Correct Answer Survey or opinion question Graph answers for class discussion

26. The following statement best reflects my beliefs about what causes crime in today’s society. 1.It is society’s fault. 2.The offender is accountable and should be punished. 3.It is learned and taught. 4.Some people are “bad” seeds. 5.It is the result of the powerful oppressing the powerless. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 26

27. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 27 Correct Answer Survey or opinion question Graph answers for class discussion