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Published byStuart Gaff Modified over 10 years ago
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Oxidation process (Exergonic ) Endergoni c process Exergoni c process Endergoni c process Exergoni c process Essential endergon ic task Red Ox + e - ATP ADP + P i R P
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Photolitho - trophy H 2 O H 2 S, S 0, H 2 CO 2 Algae, Cyanobacteria Chromatia, Chlorobium Photoorga- notrophy Organics Rhodospirillum Chemoorga- notrophy Organics O 2 NO 3 - Fe 3+ SO 4 2- Organics Arthrobacter Pseudomonas Shewanella SO 4 2- (e.g., Desulfovibrio ) Clostridium Chemolitho- trophy H 2 H 2 S Fe 2+ NH 3 NO 2 - H 2 O 2 NO 3 - O 2 CO 2 H 2 -oxidizers (e.g., Alcaligenes ) Thiobacillus Thiobacillus dentrificans Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Nitrosomonas Nitrobacter Methanogens (e.g., Methanococcus )
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ATP—ENERGY CURRENCY OF CELL
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RESPIRATION Organic compound Electron flow Carbon flow O2O2 CO 2 ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Organic compound Electron flow Carbon flow CO 2 NO 3 -, SO 4 2-, CO 3 2-, etc. FERMENTATION Organic compound Electron flow Carbon flow Internal Oxidation- Reduction Fermentation products
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Kemosintesis (Bakteri Hidrogen) : CH 2 O P NADP + (CH 2 O)n NADPH CO 2 + H 2 0 Reaksi Gelap H 2 +½ O 2 [ADP + Pi] H2OH2O ATP Khlorofil H2OH2O [ADP + Pi] O2O2 ATP Cahaya Reaksi Terang CH 2 O P NADP + (CH 2 O)n NADPH CO 2 + H 2 0 Reaksi Gelap
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CH 2 O P NADP + (CH 2 O)n NADPH CO 2 + H 2 0 Reaksi Gelap Khlorofil H2OH2O [ADP + Pi] O2O2 ATP Cahaya Reaksi Terang CH 2 O P NADP + (CH 2 O)n NADPH CO 2 + H 2 0 Reaksi Gelap H 2 +½ O 2 [ADP + Pi] H2OH2O ATP Kemosintesis (Bakteri Hidrogen) :
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Metabolism = Catabolism + Anabolism sum = metabolism Pay particular attention to those words in bold in this figure.
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More generally, chemoheterotrophs. More generally, photoautotrophs (or just autotrophs). More generally, sun or reduced inorganic chemicals (ocean vents). Note that bacteria don’t have mitochondria: aerobic bacteria “are” mitochondria! E.g., glucose
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Ezyme with Cofactor
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ATP – Energy Currency of Cells
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ATP, ADP, and Metabolism
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Oxidation-Reduction (Redox)
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Note NAD + (not “NAD”). Note that 2 hydrogen ions are removed along with the 2 electrons (only one H + ends up attached to NAD+, hence the charge change).
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Overview of Metabolism
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Glycolysis (see Fig. 6.14) An Enzyme and Coenzyme Mediated Catabolic Pathway Glucose Pyruvate NAD + ATP NADH
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Glycolysis (see Fig. 6.14) An Enzyme and Coenzyme Mediated Catabolic Pathway
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