1. Chapter 1 - Introduction
This slide presentation is designed to be viewed as a Slide Show. If viewed as a Slide Show your will be able to observe the animation and you should have functional hyperlinks.
When in the Slide Show view, click to advance the slide.
If the presentation is working very slowly, you may want to save it to your computer and then run the show.
I hope you find this presentation interesting.

2. September 11, 2001 Remember Click to advance slide
When I originally created this presentation, it was shortly after Sept. 11. When I updated my slides, I couldn’t delete these slides. I think we just have to remember!
Click to advance slide

3. Terrorists - God may give you mercy, but we will not!
Senator John McCain

4. COMPUTER LITERACY Knowing how to use a computer
Knowledge and understanding of computers and how they are used in society

5. Information Processing Cycle
What Is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Accepts data
(Input)
Manipulates Data
(Processing)
Produces information
(Output)
Information Processing Cycle

6. Information Processing Cycle
D I
Data are changed into Information
(Facts) (Useful Form)
Input Process Output
Storage Communications

7. What is Green computing?
Involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer
Strategies include:
Recycling
Regulating manufacturing processes
Extending the life of computers
Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

8. THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
Input Process Output
Storage
Input Devices
Output Devices
System Unit contains
Processing Devices
CPU & Main Memory (RAM)
Storage Devices
Communications Devices

9. Output Output Storage Input Input Input Input Input Process Output
Communications
Input
Input
Input
Process
Output
Input

10. What is the system unit?
system unit
Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

11. Processor Memory Adapter cards
What are common components inside the system unit?
Circuitry
power supply
ports
drive bays
processor
memory
sound card
video card
modem card
network card
Processor
Memory
Adapter cards
Sound card
Modem card
Video card
Network card

12. What is the motherboard?
processor chip
adapter cards
memory chips
memory slots
motherboard
Expansion slots for adapter cards
Main circuit board in system unit
Contains adapter cards, processor chips, and memory chips

13. What is storage?
Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage media
Physical material on which data is stored
Hard disks, CD &DVDs, flash media more
Floppy disks (no more, obsolete!)
Storage device
The mechanism that retrieves & records (reads/writes) data to and from the storage media

14. Types of storage media
Hard disks, flash media, CDs & DVDs, floppy disks, others?

15. What are communication devices?
Hardware that enables a computer to send & receive data
Modem
Network card
Transmission media
Cables, telephone lines, radio networks, satellites and other?
Check Webopedia
for a definition

16. Why use a computer? Why is a computer so powerful?
Close to the speed of light
Low failure rate
Speed
Reliability
Accuracy
Storage
Communications
Process error free
GIGO !
Garbage In Garbage Out
Total & instant recall
Share resources: devices & data

17. What is Computer Software?
Computer programs
A series of instructions that tells the computer hardware how to perform tasks
Two general categories of software
System Software
Operating system
Utility program
Application Software

18. Systems Software Coordinates hardware and runs application software
Operating system
User interface
Graphical user interface (GUI – icons & menus)
Microsoft Windows 98, ME & 2000, XP, Windows 7
Utility programs
Help manage the computer, its devices & programs
Examples include:
Uninstall, format disks, add printers, etc.

19. Application Software Performs specific tasks Word Processing
Spreadsheet
Database
Presentation Graphics
Many other tasks

20. How do we obtain software?
The operating system is usually bundled with the computer when purchased
Some applications may be bundled with the computer
Packaged software
Custom software
Shareware
Freeware and public-domain software

21. Works with users & programmers to design programs
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Software Development
Computer programmers
Programming languages
Visual Basic
C++
Java
Systems analyst
Works with users & programmers to design programs

22. What are the elements of an Information System?
When System Analysts work with an information system they must consider all of the elements
Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures

23. What is a Network? A collection of computers & devices
Sharing connected resources
Hardware (often wireless)
Software
Data
Local Area Network – LAN
Office & close buildings like a campus
Wide Area Network – WAN
Large geographic area like to U Mary Fargo

24. What is a server? A server manages the resources on a network
Clients access the resources on the server

25. What is the Internet?
A worldwide collection of networks
1969

27. What is the Web?
The World Wide Web is a service on or a part of the Internet
Connects Web sites containing Web pages through a means of hyperlinks
1991

28. What is the Internet/Web used for?
Internet uses:
Accessing Information
Shopping
Meeting people – social networking (Facebook)
Entertainment
Remember that the World Wide Web is one part/a service on the Internet
Web browsers help navigate the WWW
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Netscape Navigator

29. What is social networking?
A Web site that encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users

30. What are the Seven Categories of Computers?1
The Personal Computer category
includes
Desktop computers
Two popular architectures are:
1. PCs &
2. MACs (Apple)

31. PERSONAL COMPUTERS
Can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself
If the PC is not connected to another (host) computer
It is said to be a “stand alone computer”

32. What is a Workstation?
A very powerful PC (desktop) used for intense calculations & graphic intensive applications (graphic art , desktop publishing, multimedia, etc.)
Tower Model

33. CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
1. Personal computers 2
Mobile Computers
Notebook or laptop
Tablet PC
Mobile Devices
Smart Phones
Digital cameras
E-book readers
Media players

34. What is a Tablet PC? Useful for taking handwritten notes.
Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen

35. 3 - Game Consoles?
A mobile computer using handheld controllers as input devices.
Surgeons hone skills using the Wii system.

36. Mobile Computers Click on the blackberry above to start the video
tobacco

37. Mobile Computers
Click the Smart Cards to view a video

38. CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
1. Personal computers
2. Mobile computers
3. Game Consoles 4
Servers
Control the access to hardware, software, & data
Provide a centralized storage area

39. CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
1. Personal computers
2. Mobile computers
3. Game Consoles
4. Servers 5
Mainframe
computers

40. Mainframe Computers are Bigger Than Servers Very powerful & expensive
Can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously

41. 6 SUPERCOMPUTERS Fastest, most powerful computers
Able to process more than one quadrillion instructions per second and growing!
1 quadrillion = 1,000 trillion

42. How fast are these supercomputers?
Let’s try to understand the terminology used in the video (next slide).
FLOP = a floating point operation (I think it is a mathematical calculation of fractions.) I am going to think about one mathematical calculation.
Kilo = 1,000 mathematical calculation per second
Mega = 1,000,000 (a million)
Giga = 1,000,000,000 (a billion; current PCs)
Tera = 1,000,000,000,000 (a trillion)
Peta = 1,000,000,000,000,000 (one quadrillion)
Currently (July, 2011) a Japanese supercomputer running at 8 petaflops is the world’s fastest computer

43. Click to view video

44. 7 - Embedded computers?
A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
Consumer Electronics
Mobile and digital telephones
Digital televisions
Cameras
Video recorders
DVD players and recorders
Answering machines
Home Automation Devices
Thermostats
Sprinkling systems
Security monitoring systems
Appliances
Lights
Automobiles
Antilock brakes
Engine control modules
Airbag controller
Cruise control
Process Controllers and Robotics
Remote monitoring systems
Power monitors
Machine controllers
Medical devices
Computer Devices and Office Machines
Keyboards
Printers
Faxes
Copiers

45. Examples of Computer Applications in Society
Education
Finance
Government
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
Industry
p Figs. 1-36–1-43

46. Video: Computer History in a Barn
CLICK TO START

47. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uudHO9PBGRc back to results
History of Computers
Click on the rectangle above to start the video
300 computers in 140 seconds

48. Embedded Computers Click on the rectangle above to start the video
Smart Dust Micro Computers
2:30 minute video

49. Chapter 1 Complete