1. Presented by: SACHIN N 1GA07EC087 Under the guidance: B.C.DIVAKAR

2.  Introduction  What is blue brain?  What is virtual brain?  Why we need virtual brain?  Blue Brain project objectives  Hardware and software requirement  Blue Gene  Steps Involved  Natural Brain v/s Simulated Brain  Examples of Blue Brain  Applications of Blue Brain  Advantage and disadvantage  Conclusion CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION  Human brain, the most valuable creation of God. The man is called intelligent because of the brain. But we loss the knowledge of a brain when the body is destroyed after the death.  “BLUE BRAIN”- The name of the world’s first virtual brain. That means a machine that can function as human brain.  Is it really possible to create a human brain?

4. “YES", The IBM is now developing a virtual brain known as the BLUE BRAIN. It would be the worlds first virtual brain. Within 30 years, we will be able to scan ourselves into the computers So, even after the death of a person we will not loose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man that can be used for the development of the human society.

5. VIRTUAL BRAIN Virtual brain is an artificial brain, which does not actually the natural brain, but can act as the brain. It can think like brain, take decisions based on the past experience, and response as the natural brain can. It is possible by using a super computer, with a huge amount of storage capacity, processing power and an interface between the human brain and this artificial one. Through this interface the data stored in the natural brain can be uploaded into the computer.

6. Why we need VIRTUAL BRAIN ? Intelligence,Knowledge and skill of a person can be made eternal. We can upload the contents of natural brain into it. Things can be made easy as everything is automated.

7. BLUE BRAIN PROJECT OBJECTIVES The project will search for insights into how human beings think and remember. Scientists think that blue brain could also help to cure the Parkinson's disease. The brain circuitry is in a complex state of flux, the brain rewiring itself every moment of its existence.If the scientists can crack open the secret of how and why the brain does it, the knowledge could lead to new breed of supercomputers.

8. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIRMENT A super computer. (Blue Gene/L ) 22.8 TFLOPS peak processing speed. Processor with a very high processing power. 8,096 CPUs at 700 MHz (downgraded to handle massive parallel processing). 256MB to 512MB memory per processor with a very large storing capacity.. Linux and C++ software. 100 kilowatts power con A very wide network. Very powerful Nanobots to act as the interface between the natural brain and the computer

9. Blue Gene – Computer architecture project designed to produce several super computers having speeds in TFLOPS range. Developed through a partnership with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Theoretical performance : 280 TFLOPS sustained 360 TFLOPS peak. It uses Luster to access multiple file systems in the 600TB – 1PB range Blue Gene : Super Computer

10. The Blue Gene/L supercomputer architecture

11. STEPS INVOLVED

12. UPLOADING HUMAN BRAIN:NANOBOTS The uploading is possible by the use of small robots known as the nanobots These robots are small enough to travel throughout our circulatory system Traveling into the spine and brain, they will be able to monitor the activity and structure of our central nervous system They will be able to provide an interface with computer while we still reside in our biological form

13. Nanobots could also carefully scan the structure of our brain, providing a complete readout of the connection. This information, when entered into a computer, could then continue to function as us. Thus the data stored in the entire brain will be uploaded into the computer

14. 1:Modeling the neurons:- The team will start by modeling the electrical structure of neural circuits repeated throughout the brain and then map and model their behavior. Shape & Structure influences it’s electrical properties. infrared differential interference microscopy allow the systematic quantification of the molecular, morphological and electrical properties of the different neurons 2: Modeling connections:- Precise density & Volume of the Cell provides essential information for constructing cortical circuits. Blue Gene is used in intensive calculation to fix the synapse locations Modeling the Brain

15. 3: Modeling the column:- The result of all these calculations is a recreation at the cellular level of the NCC. A model of NCC was completed at the end of 2006 Once complete, they will move onto creating a molecular model of the neurons involved and a complete neocortex (the largest and most complex part of the human brain) before modelling the rest of the brain

16. Model of NCC:

17. BRAIN SIMULATION Once the neural microcircuit is built, the exciting work of making the circuit function can begin. All the 8192 processors of the Blue Gene are pressed into service, in a massively parallel computation solving the complex mathematical equations that govern the electrical activity in each neuron when a stimulus is applied. As the electrical impulse travels from neuron to neuron, the results are communicated via inter-processor communication (MPI). Currently, the time required to simulate the circuit is about two orders of magnitude larger than the actual biological time simulated. The Blue Brain team is working to streamline the computation so that the circuit can function in real time - meaning that 1 second of activity can be modeled in one second

18. RECONSTRUCTING THE NEOCORTICAL COLUMN

19. NATURAL BRAIN VS SIMULATED BRAIN

20. EXAMPLE OF BLUE BRAIN A very good example of utilization of blue brain is the case "short term memory". Another situation is that when a person gets older, then he starts forgetting or takes a bit more time to recognise to a person. For the above reason we need a blue brain.It ia simple chip that can be installed into the human brain for which the short term memory and volatile memory at the old age can be avoided.

21. Applications of Blue Brain  Cracking the Neural Code  To develop a new breed of supercomputer  Understanding Neocortical Information Processing  A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders  A Global Facility  A Foundation for Whole Brain Simulations  A Foundation for Molecular Modeling of Brain Function

22. Advantages and limitations

23. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION  We will be able to transfer ourselves into computers at some point.  It will bring both benefits and harm to human society.  Eventually aim of applying terrific computer power to the simulation of an entire brain.  Very soon this technology will be highly accepted whole over the world.

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