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PH1600: Introductory Astronomy Lecture 12: The Sun’s Atmosphere What is this?
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PH1600: Introductory Astronomy Lecture 12: The Sun’s Atmosphere Study: Chapter 10 in The Cosmos book Next Lecture: The Sun’s Interior School: Michigan Technological University Professor: Robert Nemiroff Book: The Cosmos by Pasachoff & Filippenko Online Course WebCT pages: http://courses.mtu.edu/ This class can be taken online ONLY, class attendance is not required!
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You are responsible for… Reading the book One chapter per “quiz period” Anything from that chapter can appear on quizzes or tests, even if I never mention them during my lecture(s) This quiz period covers Chapter 8 APODs posted during the semester APOD review every week during lecture Completing the Quizzes Chapter 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, & 8 quizzes already due Chapter 10 quiz due next See WebCT at http://courses.mtu.edu/ for detailshttp://courses.mtu.edu/
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Kitt Peak National Observatory Credit & Copyright: AURA/ NOAO APOD: 1999 January 18
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The Sun Visible during the day Closest star Relatively normal star Orbits in the Milky Way Galaxy Mostly hydrogen gas Then Helium, then “heavy elements” 5 billion years old
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The Solar Spectrum Credit & Copyright: Nigel Sharp (NSF), FTS, NSO, KPNO, AURA, NSF APOD: 2006 April 23
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The Sun Diameter: 1.4 million km 104 Earth diameters Mass: 2.0 x 10 30 kg 330,000 Earth masses Spin rate: 26 days at equator Temperature: 5800 K at photophere Average density: 1.4 g/cm 3 1.4 times that of water
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An Erupting Solar Prominence from SOHO Credit: SOHO-EIT Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2006 August 7
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Sun’s Atmosphere Photosphere Sunspots, granules, faculas 5800 Kelvins Chromosphere Spicules, filaments, prominences, CMEs 10,000 Kelvins near the top Corona Coronal holes Very low density >1 million Kelvins (why?)
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Solar Flares Cause Sun Quakes Credit: A. G. Kosovichev (Stanford) et al., MDI, SOHO, ESA, NASA APOD: 1998 June 1
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Dark Sun Sizzling Credit: TRACE Project, Stanford-Lockheed Institute for Space Research, NASA APOD: 2006 July 10
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Sunspot Cycle – Solar cycle Magnetic cycle takes 22 years 11 years for each polarity Solar maximum and Solar minimum Occur every 11 years Solar minimum in 2006 Many more sunspots near Solar Max Also more CME, flares, etc.
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A Large Active Region Crosses the Sun Credit & Copyright: Jack Newton APOD: 2004 July 26
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A Sunspot Up Close Credit : Vacuum Tower Telescope, NSO, NOAO APOD: 2005 November 6
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Sunspot Metamorphosis: From Bottom to Top Credit: Dutch Open Telescope, Sterrekundig Instituut Utrecht APOD: 2005 February 16
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Light Bridges on the Sun Credit: G. Scharmer, L. Rouppe van der Voort (KVA) et al., SVST APOD: 2000 May 22
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The Sun's Surface in 3D Credit: G. Scharmer (ISP, RSAS) et al., Lockheed-Martin Solar & Astrophysics Lab. APOD: 2003 June 24
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The Magnetic Carpet Of The Sun Credit: SOHO Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 1999 October 24
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A Backward Sunspot and the New Solar Cycle Credit: MDI, SOHO, ESA, NASA APOD: 2006 August 30
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sunspot_Numbers.png
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Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet Credit: TRACE Project, NASA APOD: 2004 October 10
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A Solar Filament Lifts Off Credit: TRACE, NASA APOD: 2004 July 25
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Spicules: Jets on the Sun Credit: SST, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, LMSAL APOD: 2004 August 2
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Solar Magnetic Bananas Credit: A. Gary et al. (NASA/MSFC), NASA APOD: 1998 June 29
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Filaments Across the Sun Credit & Copyright: Greg Piepol (sungazer.net) APOD: 2004 December 6
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A Prominent Solar Prominence from SOHO Credit: SOHO - EIT Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2004 March 30
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A Twisted Solar Eruptive Prominence Credit: SOHO Consortium, EIT, ESA, NASA APOD: 2003 February 23
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Pleiades, Planets, And Hot Plasma Credit: SOHO - LASCO Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2000 May 24
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Coronal Holes on the Sun Credit: SOHO - EIT Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2003 March 18
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Solar Eclipse and SOHO Credit: 2006 Team - Williams College Eclipse Expedition, NSF, National Geographic, SOHO Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2006 March 31
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A Powerful Solar Flare Credit: SOHO Consortium, LASCO, ESA, NASA APOD: 2003 October 29
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An Antarctic Total Solar Eclipse Credit & Copyright: Fred Bruenjes (moonglow.net) APOD: 2003 December 8
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The Crown of the Sun Credit & Copyright: Koen van Gorp APOD: 2006 April 7
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A Wind From The Sun Credit: SOHO Consortium, UVCS, EIT, ESA, NASA APOD: 2000 March 18
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The Sun's Heliosphere & Heliopause Credit & Copyright: P. C. Frisch (U. Chicago) et al., U. Indiana APOD: 2002 June 24
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Brown Sun Bubbling Credit & Copyright: Robert Gendler APOD: 2000 January 10
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