1. Respiratory Problems Module 3

2. 2 Function of the respiratory system It allows the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs and in the cells Breath in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide Respiratory Problems

3. 3 Hypoxia Lack of oxygen to body cells which leads to: Cardiac arrest Unconsciousness Respiratory arrest

4. 4 Respiratory Problems Hypoxia Causes Insufficient oxygen Airway obstruction Injury to the chest Lung disease or injury Shock Cyanide poisoning Brain or nerve damage

5. 5 Respiratory Problems Hypoxia Signs and symptoms Headache Speaking difficulty Blue skin discoloration Restlessness and anxiety Air hunger and rapid breathing

6. 6 Respiratory Problems Hypoxia First aid treatment Remove the cause Bring casualty to clear and open space Assess airway, breathing and circulation Check level of responsiveness Position casualty to ensure clear airway Call for ambulance

7. 7 Respiratory Problems Choking (Conscious) Objectives Remove obstruction Restore normal breathing Press Here for Video

8. 8 Respiratory Problems Choking - conscious Signs and symptoms Unable to Speak Breath Cough

9. 9 Respiratory Problems Choking - conscious Treatment Relax Breath deeply Encourage coughing Abdominal thrust Chest thrust for obese and pregnant casualty

10. 10 Respiratory Problems Drowning Death from drowning occurs when air cannot get into the lungs Objectives Restore adequate breathing Keep casualty warm Urgent removal to hospital

11. 11 Respiratory Problems (Drowning) First aid treatment Keep the head lower than the body Check for airway, breathing and circulation Standby to perform CPR Keep the casualty warm Urgent removal to hospital

12. 12 Respiratory Problems Hanging and strangulation Signs and symptoms Rope mark around the neck Blue discoloration of the skin Face congestion and rapid breathing Unconsciousness

13. 13 Respiratory Problems Hanging and Strangulation Treatment Remove constriction Check ABC, prepare to perform CPR Position to ensure clear airway Urgent removal to hospital Precaution Watch out for spinal injury Do not throw the constricting material - for police investigation

14. 14 Respiratory Problems Inhalation of fumes Common types of fumes Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Solvents and fuels

15. 15 Respiratory Problems Inhalation of fumes Signs and symptoms Depending on the fumes, the casualty may experience: Headache Confusion Breathlessness Unconsciousness Cough and wheezing Blue discoloration of skin

16. 16 Respiratory Problems Inhalation of fumes Treatment If victim is unconscious, open the airway, check breathing and pulse. Perform CPR if necessary.

17. 17 Respiratory Problems Over Breathing (Hyperventilation) Excessive breathing (over-breathing) increases oxygen intake and causes chemical changes that produce the symptoms of the condition. Causes: Excitement. Hysteria. Other emotion

18. 18 Respiratory Problems Hyperventilation Signs and symptoms: Normal or pink skin colour. Rapid and deep breathing. Attention-seeking behaviour. Dizziness and faintness. Cramps in the hands and feet.

19. 19 Respiratory Problems Hyperventilation First aid treatment Firm reassurance. Encourage casualty to take slow, regular breaths. Instruct the casualty to breathe in and out of a paper bag until symptoms disappear.

20. 20 Respiratory Problems Asthma Breathing problem resulting from sudden or progressive narrowing of the airways. Causes: > Exercise> Cold air > Allergies> Some drinks > Preservatives> Anxiety > House dust> Food additives > Stress> Smoke

21. 21 Respiratory Problems Asthma Signs and symptoms: Moderate to severe breathing difficulty. Sometimes wheezing. Sometimes coughing. Possibly paleness, sweating, blueness of lips, ear lobes and fingertips. Can lead to unconsciousness.

22. 22 Respiratory Problems Asthma First Aid Treatment Comfortable sitting posture. Reassure the casualty. Assist the casualty in administering any medications, which was prescribed for the casualty. Monitor pulse, respiration, and level of responsiveness Seek medical attention

23. 23 Respiratory Problems Penetrating chest wound caused by sharp objects Signs and symptoms Air suction heard Engorgement of neck vein Cough up frothy red blood Difficult and painful breathing Blue skin discoloration Blood bubbling out of the wound

24. 24 Respiratory Problems Penetrating Chest Wound First aid treatment Seal the wound and maintain breathing Minimize shock Urgent arrangement of transport to hospital

25. 25 Method of covering chest wound to allow air under pressure during expiration to escape Respiratory Problems Penetrating Chest Wound Fourth side untaped

26. The End Module 3 Respiratory Problems For training purpose only Not for sale.