1. PRACTICAL EXERCISE

2. GLOVES Remember, we never touch it…if it isn’t ours! Gloves help protect you from a victims body fluids and your victim from your germs Should be made of a non-latex material to help prevent accidental allergic reactions

3. REMOVING GLOVES 1.Pinch the palm side of one glove near the wrist. Carefully pull the glove off so that it’s inside out – DON’T PULL IT ALL THE WAY OFF YOUR FINGERS 2.Using the remaining part of the first glove, pinch the wrist of the second glove and pull it all the way off – INSIDE OUT 3.Dispose of both gloves and wash your hands

4. Checking an adult - Unconscious Is the scene safe? Check for responsiveness

5. Checking an adult - Unconscious No Response? Call 911 If they are face-down – roll them to their back, keep the head and neck in line

6. Checking an adult - Unconscious Open the airway – check for breathing Head Tilt, Chin Lift Look Listen and Feel

7. Checking an adult - Unconscious Scan for bleeding Don’t let go of the head

8. Checking a child or infant - Unconscious Get consent Check Responsiveness Tickle the infants feet!

9. Checking a child or infant - Unconscious Call 911 If face-down, roll over If ALONE – Give 2 minutes of care BEFORE CALLING

10. Checking a child or infant - Unconscious Open the airway – Head Tilt Chin Lift Look Listen and Feel Check for breathing

11. Checking a child or infant - Unconscious Not Breathing? Give 2 Rescue Breaths

12. Checking a child or infant - Unconscious If you witness an infant / child suddenly collapse, skip rescue breaths and begin CPR

13. What to do next… Chest doesn’t rise – Re-tilt the head Still won’t go in, give CARE for unconscious choking (we’ll learn that later) Breathing – Maintain an airway until help arrives No Breathing – Perform CPR and use an AED if it’s available

14. Cardiac Emergencies & CPR

15. The Heart Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Atrium Left Ventricle

16. Coronary Heart Disease Prevention is better than treatment Lifestyles gradually lead up to high risk. Some risk factors are hereditary: Gender, Ethnicity, etc. Others are preventable: Smoking, Poor Diet, High Cholesterol, High BP, Lack of Exercise, Overweight. Combining risk factors increases the chances of developing the disease

17. What is a Heart Attack? Blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced causing Chest pain

18. What to look for: 1.Chest Pain / Discomfort 2.Discomfort in other areas of the body 3.Trouble Breathing 4.Pale / Ashen Skin 5.Sweating 6.Dizziness 7.Loss of Consciousness 8.There may be NO SIGNS AT ALL

19. Differences between Men & Women Both men and women experience the most common signal – chest pain / discomfort Women are more likely to experience other signs and symptoms than men

20. When to Call 1.Pain that lasts for more than 3-5 minutes or goes away and comes back 2.Most people will deny this is happening 3.Elderly are more likely to dismiss the signs than anyone else.

21. Remember…If you do nothing else

22. While you wait for EMS Many people who die from a heart attack do so within 2 hours of the first symptom. Recognizing and calling is the most effective way to save their life.

23. While you wait for EMS Have the person stop their activity Loosen any tight clothing (belt, tie, etc.) Closely monitor and look for signs Be prepared to start CPR immediately Gather a history ASSIST with medication**** Offer Aspirin if there is no risk****

24. About Aspirin Never delay calling 911 Aspirin is not a fix-all You MUST ASK: Are you allergic? Do you have a stomach ulcer or stomach disease? Are you on blood thinners? Have you ever been told NOT TO TAKE ASPIRIN

25. About Aspirin Never delay calling 911 Aspirin is not a fix-all You MUST ASK: If they say, “I don’t know” Then YOU HAVE TO ASSUME THE ANSWER IS YES! DON’T GIVE IT TO THEM.

26. About Aspirin If they answer NO to your questions, then you may give 2 baby aspirins (81mg) – Chewable kind. ONLY ASPIRIN – NOT TYLENOL, MOTRIN, ALEVE, ETC. JUST ASPIRIN

27. Other Prescribed Medications Patients may take other medications specifically prescribed for cardiac symptoms If the patient is unconscious or unable to participate in taking the medication, you can’t give it.

28. Cardiac Arrest Now what?

29. What is Cardiac Arrest? When the heart stops beating, or the beating is too ineffective to circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs.

30. Causes of Cardiac Arrest? In AdultsIn Children The number 1 cause of Cardiac Arrest is Cardiovascular Disease 1.Airway / Breathing Problems 2.Trauma 3.Congenital Disease 4.SIDS

31. What do I do? Check the patient…quickly Call 9-1-1…quickly Begin CPR…immediately

32. CPR Cells need oxygen to survive. They get this from the blood supply. CPR continues the blood flow to the vital organs including the brain.

33. CPR CPR is a combination of CHEST COMPRESSIONS and RESCUE BREATHS When you perform CPR you are taking over the job function of the heart / lungs

34. CPR for adults 1.Check – Call – Care 2.Position the patient on their back – on a firm flat surface 3.Kneel to one side of the body 4.Heel of one hand on the center of the chest – over the breastbone 5.Other hand directly on top – interlace fingers 6.Arms straight, shoulders over your hands

35. CPR for adults 30 Compressions 2 Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions… Head Tilt / Chin Lift and give 2 Rescue Breaths. Each breath is separate, watch for the chest to rise and fall

36. CPR for adults 30 Compressions 2 Rescue Breaths We begin CPR with compressions and then breaths!

37. CPR for adults 30 Compressions 2 Rescue Breaths Each cycle should take no more than 25 seconds to complete

38. CPR for adults When can I stop? 1.Obvious signs of life 2.An AED is available and ready to be used 3.Another TRAINED responder arrives 4.You are too exhausted to continue 5.The scene becomes unsafe

39. CPR for children & infants Check – Care – Call Most infant cardiac issues are a result of a respiratory issue. Provide no more than 1 minute of care, then call. Same ratio of Compressions : Rescue Breaths Different Hand Technique

40. CPR for children & infants 30 Compressions 2 Rescue Breaths 1.Face up, firm flat surface 2.Kneel to one side of the body 3.Same hand position if they are older 4.For smaller kids, one hand on chest ONLY

41. CPR for children & infants 30 Compressions 2 Rescue Breaths 1.Compress 1 – 1 ½ inches. Each compression separate, allow the chest to rebound. 2.Target rate – 100 compressions / minute

42. CPR for children & infants 30 Compressions 2 Rescue Breaths 1.For infants: Flat on the back, on a firm raised surface such as a counter top or table.

43. CPR for children & infants

44. 30 Compressions 2 Rescue Breaths 1.Hold head with one hand to maintain airway and use 2 fingers of other hand for compressions 2.Target Rate: 100-120 compressions / minute

45. CPR for children & infants When can I stop? 1.Obvious signs of life 2.An AED arrives and is ready to use** 3.A TRAINED responder arrives to take over 4.Too exhausted to continue 5.Scene becomes unsafe

46. CPR for anyone I don’t have a breathing barrier! 1.If you are unwilling / unable to give rescue breaths, you can do “HANDS ONLY CPR” 2.No ratio – just continue giving compressions without interruption until EMS arrives and takes over

47. Let’s practice 1.Get into groups of 3 2.Each person practice 2 cycles of CPR 3.Good hand placement, straight arms, smooth compressions 4.Rotate after 2 cycles Skill sheets for this practical are on my website: www.dereksplace.org Look under the First / Aid CPR tab.

48. Questions? I have ADD…I don’t remember what was on the second slide www.dereksplace.org

49. Assignment: Quiz 2 – On this chapter! Due: September 7, 2014 www.dereksplace.org